Non-Chord Tones
Passing Tone

        1. Accented- On the Beat
        2. Unaccented- Not on the beat
    -There can be more than one passing tone in a row.
    -It is labeled as PT

Neighboring Tone
     -This occurs when there is a chord, then an upper or lower note, and then the first chord again.
     -Two kinds
            1. Upper Neighbor
                -Labeled as UN
                -3 Steps
                            a. Chord
                            b. Upper Note
                            c. First Chord
 
            2. Lower Neighbor (LN)
                -Labeled as LN
                -3 steps
                            a. Chord
                            b. Lower Note
                            c. First Chord
 

Escape Tone
    -This consists of a step, and then a leap of 3 or more steps in the opposite direction.
    -Two kinds
            1. 1 step up and then leap 3 or more steps down
            2. 1 step down and then leap 3 or more steps up

Appoggiatura
    -Opposite of Escape
    -This consists of a leap of 3 or more steps, and then a step in the opposite direction.
    -Two kinds
            1. Leap up 3 or more steps, and then a step down.
            2. Leap down 3 or more steps, and then a step up.

Suspension
        -It has a set form (see picture below)

        -has to be prepared
        -Types of suspensions
                    1. 9-8 sus
                    2. 7-6 sus
                    3. 4-3 sus
                    4. 2-3 sus
           -The first number is the suspension, and the last nmber is the resolution.
                -The number is usually the interval compared to the bass.
    -Here is an example of a 9-8 sus:

     -Here is an example of a 4-3 sus:

Retardation
    -Suspension with an upward resolution
    -Example:

Anticipation
   -Non chord tone that becomes the next chord tone
    -Example:

Pedal Tone
    -Repeated Base that fits sometimes, and doesn't fit other times.
    -Example:

Changing Tone
    -Consists of Step (Nonchord Tone), Leap (Nonchord tone), Step (Chord tone)
    -Example:

 
 
 
 

Scale Degrees

Major     Minor    Harmonic Minor
  I             i                       i
  ii            ii                     ii
  iii           III                  III
  IV          iv                    iv
  V           v                     V
  vi           VI                   VI
  vii          VII                  vii
  I              i                      i
 
 
 

I- is home, (starts and ends phrases)

V- leads to I. (Dominant leads to tonic)

IV- leads to V and or vii diminished     (Subdominant leads to Dominant)

vii diminished    -leads to I. (functions as Dominant)

ii- leads to V and or vii diminished    (functions as Subdominant)

iii and vi- neutral, lead to nothing
 
 
 

Cadences

Picardy Cadence- When there is a major chord in a song that has all minor chords
Plagel Cadence- When a IV goes to I
Authentic Cadence- When a V goes to I