Gallstones form in the gall bladder and can range in size from that of a pea to a small pear. They form from the salts found in the bile, and are most common in diabetics, blacks and women. They continue to grow over time and so are most often a problem in older people. The reason for the growth of gallstones are believed to be excessive amounts of calcium and cholesterol in the bile which form into a hard ball. Bile which has remained in the gall bladder for long periods of time is also thought to be a cause.

If the gallstones do not naturally break down they can be removed surgically. Recently ultrasound has been used to shatter the stones while they are still in the gall bladder, which is a less invasive form of treatment. In some cases naturally occurring bile salts such as chenodeoxycholic acid can be taken to dissolve the gallstones.

If the gall stone leaves the gall bladder it can become stuck at the end of the bile duct. This will block the flow of bile from the liver and pressure will build, causing severe jaundice, itching and chills. In other cases the pressure may break the gall stone and it will pass freely into the duodenum. The bile is able to flow again and the jaundice will disappear after a period of about a week.

Bibliography

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