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" . . . When the organizers asked where I wantet to hold the final rally, I told them: 'Luneta.' One organizer looked at me and asked: 'Do you think we can fill up Luneta?' I answered: 'Who were the first to be awakened when Ninoy was killed? Weren't the people of Manila the first to awaken? They were the ones who stood up and said that they were ready to fight . . ."

Corazon C. Aquino
(from a speech delivered on February 4, 1986)

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S O U N D C L I P 1
  Interview with Marcos on Ninoy's death

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S O U N D C L I P 2
Doy Laurel announcing Ninoy's death

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S O U N D C L I P 3
Marcos announcs snap elections

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home > the beginning > the road to revolution

thebeginning.article6.image1.jpg (20531 bytes)21 August 1983, China Airlines, Radio Veritas, and the Filipino people at the Manila International Airport witnessed the reckoning of a dictatorial President (attempting to obscure an infirmity with his kidney) and an irrepressible critique and "rival". Yet on the genesis of a political demise, Marcos downplayed Senator Benigno Aquino’s return from Boston, Massachusetts (and from a heart condition). Nonchalantly disregarding insulting assaults on the once Martial Lawed Filipinos and on his labeled "can be Communist Catholic Church", Marcos did not heed US Ambassador Michael Armacost’s "advice". Nevertheless, the Ambassador’s proposal for the government to embrace Ninoy’s ideals and arrival almost destroyed his integrity as a true oppositionist.

Indeed, 1983 served as the clinching gun shot to put the President’s decree making powers to arrest enemies, supply patronage to friends, or legislate without public accountability into the ripples of unrest that would soon become ravenous waves.

The boom was heard throughout the live coverage of Veritas. The non-governmental radio station unleashed the Christian Passion Play of the then cold Ninoy Aquino. Inevitably, much questioned later the irony of having him so heavily guarded by some 1,199 military personnel. Marcos was shocked, so to speak, and denies ball handling. Thus, passes the ball to Communists and referees at the same time calling it a foul—a rubout job. The Filipino people then happened.

They just got tired watching all the bad plays. Jumping into the arena, people turn to the mourning widow Coraczon C. Aquino. This was manifested through a candlelit march to Sto. Domingo Church and motorcade with the casket to Aquino’s provincial capital of Tarlac. More than just a novelty, apparently, over two million people viewed the hearse 10 days later.

Meanwhile, very vigilant Veritas continued its broadcast about the aftermath of the Aquino murder. Marcos had no choice but to keep them on air else enraging "his" people. Ergo, this revived the pre-martial law tradition among Filipino Broadcasters. And every angle of mushrooming rallies and demonstrations was exhausted. The Filipino people always watched and listened. Hence, "Frightened Ferdie" fixed a Fact Finding Board to feed flustered Filipinos. October, and juvenile court Judge Corazon Agrava took the reins of investigation with four representatives from business, labor, law, and education (plus, Chief Counsel Andres Narvasa). In a blink, the board’s first session identify triggerman Rolando Galman (found lying in the morgue—for over 3 months) as assassin. Nonetheless, the marinated thorough report of the Aquino murder never became its anniversary special. This was so when the board split and the four "sectoral" representatives implicated Chief of Staff Fabian Ver for wide conspiracy (although there was unanimity that there was military connivance). Marcos then transferred the trials to the Sandiganbayan, which he created five years back to judge corruption cases among government officials. Noticeably, the record of convictions from this court was even a clearer manifestation of corruption at its finest.

People then thought of hope. They immersed themselves into the promises of the future after the May 1984 assembly elections. Partaking of this perspective, the Aquino family split because of differences in the envisioned future. Ninoy’s younger brother, Agapito "Butz" Aquino was found in the stronghold of the left that was tatooed with boycott. Ninoy’s mother, Doņa Aurora found sanctuary in the shabby shade of opposition candidates. Jose Concepcion highlighted the elections with his reformed National Citizens Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL). Consequently, in 1984, some 200,000 wakeful watchers and vigilant volunteers almost prevented cheating through its quickcount. On one hand, at least it was able to cause Marcos to call off "Operation: Switch Phony Tally Sheets." On the other, he resorted to provincial tallies to swing votes to his party’s favor causing a 2-1 victory over the total number of assembly sheets.

December 2nd, declaration was made that Galman killed Aquino on behalf of the Communists, as if Marcos prophetically envisioned that declaration a day after the murder. Nonetheless, everyone believed the declaration as a mere whitewash.

December 3rd, Corazon Aquino took the challenge of the upcoming February 7, 1986 presidential snap elections. These are the silent but small steps that set afoot on the road not taken that lead to the avenue of upheaval.

Marcos felt he won. He felt he has "drawn the opposition back into his rules of his political game—of accepting the National Assembly as more than a simple rubber stamp". However,, he let the Church and the vast middle class plant the seeds of uprising. Alongside, the state against the leftists ("for moral repulsion and violations of culturally acceptable behaviour") bolstered the latter for an elite militancy to stop Marcos. This in turn, stirred public awareness (especially in provinces) causing an increase in strikes and demonstrations in front of the Malacaņang. Consequently, this led to shootings into crowds into crowds best featured that 20th of September, 1985 at Escalante of Northern Negros. 27 people died (as blockade of radicals) by automatic weapons then.

Meantime, further sparks of steady attraction of middle class liberals, intellectuals & businessmen joined with the Left’s anti-Marcos, anti-U.S. ferror. In effect most urban middle class with Former Senator Lorenzo Taņada with Joaquin "Chino" Roces, former publisher of Manila Times—who gave Ninoy his first assignment) stood at the foot of Mendiola like a sheriff’s post as testimony of protest.

As the economy plunged, the Philippines sank into the quicksand of IMF debits. To prove the government trustworthy of the people’s—now not so very—strict obedience, the International Monetary Fund pushed Marcos to a blind corner. Conditional loans were made with the IMF, which in turn made the government succumb to their demand for a snap election.

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