China:

During World War II, in addition to the threat of being conquered by Japan externally, China was faced with internal struggles as well between the forces of the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek and the Communists under Mao Zedong. The Nationalists, officially supported by the Allies during the war, did much of the fighting against the Japanese. The Communists, on the other hand, fought the Japanese only in areas where it benefited them the most, such as rural centers. In addition, the Soviets turned captured Japanese lands over to Mao's forces when they invaded in 1945. Thus, the Communists were much more equipped for a civil war following the expulsion of the Japanese. In 1949 the Communist controlled all of China, exiling Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan.

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