The Recorder (photo) (audio)
The recorder is the ancestor the the flute. The recorder is held vertically, much like how a clarinet is held. The recorder does not use reeds. Instead it has a beak-like mouthpiece which is sometimes
permanently attached to the instrument. The body has eight holes piercing the instrument at nearly equal intervals. There are eight different recorders, each with a different register and size. The most popular of the recorders are the treble or the alto, tenor and the bass.
Recorders were played as early as the twelfth century. They
fell into disuse in the nineteenth century but came back in a revival in the twentieth century. Many pieces of music have been written for the recorder. Telemann, a classical composer often casted recorders as soloists in his music. Bach's "Brandenburg Concerto No. 4" required two recorders. Many contemporary twentieth century composers have casted recorders as important parts in their music as well.
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