IAB IAC IANA
IARP IBR ICE
ICMP IDA IDCMP
IDI IDE IDP
IDPR IDRP IEEE
IEEE 802 IEEE 802.2 IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.4 IEEE 802.5 IEEE 802.6
IEN IESG IETF
IFF IFIP IGES
IGP IGRP IGS
IIH IINREN ILMI
IMAP IMP IMHO
Impedance IMR In-Band Signalling
infrared In-Line Image INOC
inode number INT INTAP
INRIA Integrated IS-IS InterBusiness
Interface interference intermediate system
internet Internet Internet Address
Internet Draft Internet Numbers Internet Way
internetwork internetworking Interoperability
IntIS Intranet IONL
IP IP Address
IPC IPCP
IP Datagram IPSO IPX
IPX/SPX IR IRC
IRDP IRN IRQ
IRSG IRTF IS
IS-IS ISA ISAM
isarithmic flow control ISDN ISO
ISOC isochronous transmis. ISODE
ISP ISR ISSI
ISV IT ITAPAC
ITU ITU-TSS IWM
IXI
IAB (Internet Architecture
Board). The technical body that oversees the development of the Internet
suite of protocols. It has two task forces: the IETF
and the IRTF. "IAB" previously stood
for Internet Activities Board. See also: Internet
Engineering Task Force Internet Research
Task Force. [Source: RFC1392]
Also: (Interactive Application Builder)
IAC (InterApplication Communication).
A feature in System 7 that allows you to create hot links and cold links
between applications.
IANA (Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority). The central registry for various Internet protocol
parameters, such as port, protocol and enterprise numbers, and options,
codes and types. The currently assigned values are listed in the "Assigned
Numbers" document [STD
2]. To request a number assignment, contact the IANA
at "iana@isi.edu". See also: Assigned
Numbers, STD. [Source: RFC1392]
IARP (Inverse Address Resolution
Protocol). InARP will allow a Frame
Relay station to discover the protocol address of a station associated
with the virtual circuit. It is more efficiently than simulating a broadcast
with multiple copies of the same message and it is more flexible than relying
on static configuration. See also:[RFC1293].
For further information about the "InARP" codes you can see the document
in html format or you can download the
original document in text format at ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/arp-parameters
IBR The "IBR-LAN" is where
the Amsterdam Internet Exchange is currently living; don't know where the
name comes from.
ICE (In-Circuit Emulator)
OR ( Intrusion Countermeasures Electronics)
ICMP (Internet Control Message
Protocol). Is an extension to the Internet
Protocol. It allows for the generation of error messages, test packets
and informational messages related to IP. It is defined in STD
5, RFC792.
[Source: FYI4]
IDA (Intelligent Drive Array)
OR (Intercommunication Data Areas) OR (International Development Association)
IDCMP (Intuition Direct
Communications Message Port). Amiga
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)
OR (Integrated Development Environment) OR (Interactive Development Environments,
inc.).
IDI (Initial Domain
Identifier). Specifies the authority responsible for Domain Specific Part
(DSP) values in OSI network addresses
(NSAPs).
IDP (Initial Domain
Part). The part of a CLNS addresses
that contains an authority and format identifier and a domain identifier.
Also: (Internet Datagram Protocol (XNS
equivalent to IP))
IDPR (InterDomain Policy
Routing). An experimental interdomain routing protocol that dynamically
exchanges policues between autonomous systems. IDPR encapsulated interautonomous
system traffic and routes it according to the policies of each autonomous
system along the path. IDPR is currently an IETF
proposal.
IDRP (IS-IS
InterDomain Routing Protocol). OSI
protocol that specifies how routers communicate with routers in different
domains.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical
and Electronic Engineers). An international professional society issuing
its own standards. The IEEE is a member of ANSI
and ISO.
IEEE 802 The set of
IEEE standards for the definition of LAN
protocols. See also: IEEE. [Source:
RFC1392]
IEEE 802.2 IEEE LAN
protocol that specifies an implementation of the logical link control sublayer
of the link layer. IEEE 802.2 handles errors, framing, flow control, and
the layer 3 service interface and is used in LANs such as IEEE 802.3 and
IEEE 802.5.
IEEE 802.3 IEEE LAN
protocol that specifies an implementation of the physical layer and Mac
sublayer of the link layer. IEEE 802.3 uses CSMA/CD
access at a variety of speeds over a variety of physical media. One physical
variation of IEEE 802.3 (10 Base5) is very similar to Ethernet.
IEEE 802.4 IEEE LAN
protocol that specifies an implementation of the physical layer and MAC
sublayer of the link layer. IEEE 802.4 uses token-passing access over a
bus topology.
IEEE 802.5 IEEE LAN
protocol that specifies an implementation of the physical layer and MAC
sublayer of the link layer. IEEE 802.5 uses token passing access at 4 or
16 Mbps over shielded twisted pair wiring and is similar to IBM Token Ring.
IEEE 802.6 IEEE metropolitan
area network (MAN) specification based
on DQDB technology. IEEE 802.6 supports
data rates of 1.5 Mbps to 155 Mbps and supports data packets and circuits.
IEN (Internet Experiment
Note). A series of reports pertinent to the Internet. IENs were published
in parallel to RFCs and are no longer active. See also: Internet-Draft,
Request For Comments. [Source: RFC1392]
Also: (Internet Engineering Notes)
IESG (Internet Engineering
Steering Group). The IESG is composed of the IETF Area Directors and the
IETF Chair. It provides the first technical review of Internet standards
and is responsible for day-to-day "management" of the IETF. See also: Internet
Engineering Task Force. [Source: RFC1392]
IETF (Internet Engineering
Task Force). The IETF is a large, open community of network designers,
operators, vendors, and researchers whose purpose is to coordinate the
operation, management and evolution of the Internet, and to resolve short-range
and mid-range protocol and architectural issues. It is a major source of
proposals for protocol standards which are submitted to the IAB for final
approval. The IETF meets three times a year and extensive minutes are included
in the IETF Proceedings. See also: Internet,
Internet Architecture Board. [Source:
FYI4]
IFF (Interchange File Format)
OR ( Image File Format) OR (Iterative Function Fractal).
IFIP (International Federation
for Information Processing). Research organization that performs OSI prestandardization
work. Among other accomplishments, IFIP formalized the original MHS
model.
IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange
Specification). A graphics file format well-suited for CAD
models and supported by the American National
Standards Institute.
IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol).
A protocol which distributes routing information to the routers within
an autonomous system. The term "gateway" is historical, as "router" is
currently the preferred term. See also: Autonomous
System, Exterior Gateway Protocol,
Open Shortest Path First..., Routing
Information Protocol. [Source: RFC1392]
IGRP (Internet Gateway Routing
Protocol). A proprietary IGP used by
cisco System's routers.
IGS (Integrated Gateway
Server). Cisco integrated (fixed-configuration) bridge/router.
IIH (IS-IS Hello).
Message sent by all IS-IS systems to
maintain adjacencies.
IINREN (Interagency Interim
National Research and Education Network). An evolving operating network
system. Near term (1992-1996) research and development activities will
provide for the smooth evolution of this networking infrastructure into
the future gigabit NREN. [Source: HPCC]
ILMI (Interim Local
Management Interface). The ATM Forum's specification
for incorporating network-management capabilities into the ATM UNI.
IMAP
(Interactive Mail Access Protocol). (RFC
1176). The intent of the, Version 2 (IMAP2) is to allow a workstation,
personal computer, or similar small machine to access electronic mail from
a mailbox server. Since the distinction between personal computers and
workstations is blurring over time, it is desirable to have a single solution
that addresses the need in a general fashion. IMAP2 is the "glue" of a
distributed electronic mail system consisting of a family of client and
server implementations on a wide variety of platforms, from small single-
tasking personal computing engines to complex multi-user timesharing systems.
Although different in many ways from the Post
Office Protocols (POP2 and POP3, hereafter referred to collectively
as "POP") described in RFC
937 and RFC
1081, IMAP2 may be thought of as a functional superset of these. RFC
937 was used as a model for this RFC. There was a cognizant reason for
this; POP deals with a similar problem, albeit with a less comprehensive
solution, and it was desirable to offer a basis for comparison.
You can find further informations about IMAP at:
IMP (Interface Message
Processor). Old name for Internet packet switches. IMPs are now called
packet-switched nodes, packet
switches, or switches.
IMHO (In My Humble Opinion).
This usually accompanies a statement that may bring about personal offense
or strong disagreement. [Source: ZEN].
Impedance The total
effect of resistance inductance and capacitance on a transmitted signal
Impedance vanes at different frequencies
IMR (Internet
Monthly Report). Published monthly, the purpose of the Internet Monthly
Reports is to communicate to the Internet Research Group the accomplishments,
milestones reached, or problems discovered by the participating organizations.[Source:
RFC1392]
In-Band Signalling Transmission
within a frequency range normality used for information transmission. Contrasted
with out-of-band signaling, which uses frequencies outside the normal range
of information-transfer frequencies.
infrared Electromagnetic
waves whose frequency range is above that of microwave but below the visible
spectrum. LAN systems based on this technology represent an emerging technology.
In-Line Image A
graphic image that is displayed along with text in a NCSA
Mosaic window.
INOC (Internet Network
Operations Center). A BBN group
that in the early days of the Internet monitored and controlled the Internet
core gateways (routers).
inode number In UNIX unique
number associated with each filename. This number is used to look up an
entry in the inode table which gives information on the type, size, and
location of the file and the userid of the owner of the file.
INRIA
French national research institution/organisation; where EUnet
France saw the light of day many years ago. "Institut National de Recherche
en Informatique et en Automatique" Organisation currently in charge of
FR NIC (not an ISP). INRIA is an EPST (Etablissement Public a caractere
Scientifique et Technique) as CNRS.
INT (Interrupt).
INTAP (INTeroperability
Technology Association for information Processing). The technical organization
which has the official charter to develop Japanese OSI profiles and conformance
tests.
Integrated IS-IS Routing
protocol based on the OSI routing protocol IS-IS, but with support for
IP or other networks. Integrated IS-IS implementations send only one set
of routing updates, making it more efficient than two separate implementations.
Formerly referred to as Dual IS-IS.
InterBusiness
An Italian commercial Internet provider.
Interface A connection
between two systems or devices. In routing terminology, a network connection.
Also, the boundary between adiacent layers of the OSI model. In telephony,
a shared boundary defined by common physical interconnection characteristics,
signal characteristics, and meanings of interchanged signals.
interference Unwanted
communication channel noise.
intermediate system See
IS.
internet While an internet
is a network, the term "internet" is usually used to refer to a collection
of networks interconnected with routers. See also: Network.
[Source: RFC1392]
Internet Internet (note
the capital "I") The Internet is the largest internet in the world. Is
a three level hierarchy composed of backbone networks (e.g., NSFNET, MILNET),
mid-level networks, and stub networks. The Internet is a multiprotocol
internet. See also: Backbone, mid-level
network, stub network, transit
network, Internet Protocol, Corporation
for Research and Educational Networks, National
Science Foundation. [Source: RFC1392]
Internet Address (Host
Number-Host Address). A IP address that uniquely identifies a node on an
internet. An Internet address (capital "I"), uniquely identifies a node
on the Internet. See also: internet,
Internet , IP
Address. [Source: RFC1392]
I-D (Internet-Draft).
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the IETF,
its Areas, and its Working Groups. As the name implies, Internet-Drafts
are draft documents. They are valid for a maximum of six months and may
be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. Very
often, I-Ds are precursors to RFCs. See
also: Internet Engineering Task Force,
Request For Comments. [Source: RFC1392]
Internet
Way A French Commercial Internet Provider.
internetwork A collection
of networks interconnected by routers that functions (generally) as a single
network. Sometimes called an internet, which is not to be confused with
the Internet.
internetworking General
term used to refer to the industry that has arisen around the problem of
connecting networks together. The term can refer to products, procedures,
and technologies.
Interoperability The
ability of software and hardware on multiple machines from multiple vendors
to communicate meaningfully. [Source: RFC1392]
IntIS (Internet Iceland
Inc.).Limited company that runs the Icelandic Internet, ISnet. Formally
part of NORDUnet. This is the successor
of SURIS, which used to be the academic and research network in Iceland.
Intranet The Intranet
is the use of Internet technologies within a company deployed on an internal
network based on open Web technology. Intranets exist only within organisations
while the Internet is a global network open to all. Intranets are closely
related to the Internet. They share the same software and network equipment,
and speak the same computer language. Intranets run on private networks
within companies and between their branch offices, fenced off from the
outside Internet by "firewalls" that allow employees to look out, but keep
others from looking in. Intranets combine text, graphics and even video
to distribute news, answer employee questions, update personnel records
and connect far-flung workers.
IONL (Internal Organization
of the Network Layer). The OSI standard for the detailed architecture of
the Network Layer. Basically, it partitions the Network layer into subnetworks
interconnected by convergence protocols (equivalent to internetworking
protocols), creating what Internet calls a catenet or internet.
IP (Internet Protocol). The
Internet Protocol, defined in STD
5, RFC 791, is the network layer for the
TCP/IP Protocol Suite. It is a connectionless, best-effort packet switching
protocol. See also: packet
switching, Request For Comments,
TCP/IP Protocol Suite.
[Source: RFC1392]
IP Address The 32-bit
address defined by the Internet Protocol in STD
5, RFC 791. It is usually represented in
dotted decimal notation. See also: dot address, Internet
Address, Internet Protocol, Network
Address, Subnet Address,
host address. [Source: RFC1392]
IP Datagram See: Datagram
IPC (InterProcess Communications)
OR ( Integrated Personal Computer) OR ( Inventory Process Control)
IPCP (IP Control Protocol).
IPCP is responsible for configuring, enabling, and disabling the IP protocol
modules on both ends of the point-to-point link. IPCP uses the same packet
exchange machanism as the Link Control Protocol (LCP).
For more information see: RFC
1332
IPSO (IP Security Option).
The part of the Internet Protocol (IP) that defines security levels on
a per interface basis.
IPX (Internetwork Packet
eXchange). Novell's protocol used by Netware. A router with IPX routing
can interconnect LANs so that Novell Netware clients and servers can communicate.
See also: Local Area Network. [Source:
RFC1392]
IPX/SPX (Internetwork
Packet eXchange/Sequenced Packet eXchange).
IR (Internet Registry). The
IANA has the discretionary authority
to delegate portions of its responsibility and, with respect to network
address and Autonomous System identifiers, has lodged this responsibility
with an IR. The IR function is performed by the DDN NIC. See also: Autonomous
System, network address,
Defense Data Network..., Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority. [Source: RFC1392]
Also: (Instruction Register) OR (Index Register) OR (Internetwork Router)
OR ( InfraRed) OR (Information Resource).
IRC (Internet Relay Chat).
A world-wide "party line" protocol that allows one to converse with others
in real time. IRC is structured as a network of servers, each of which
accepts connections from client programs, one per user. See also: talk.
[Source: HACKER]
Also: (Interrupt Request Controller) OR (International Record Carrier).
IRDP (ICMP
Router Discovery Protocol). Enables a host to determine the address of
a router that it can use as a default gateway. Similar to ES-IS,
but used with IP.
IRN (Intermediate Routing
Node). In SNA, a subarea node with intermediate routing capability.
IRQ (Interrupt ReQuest).
A peripheral's signal to the CPU asking that the CPU perform a routine
or provide specific data.
IRSG (Internet Research
Steering Group). The "governing body" of the IRTF. See also: Internet
Research Task Force. [Source: MALAMUD]
IRTF (Internet Research
Task Force). The IRTF is chartered by the IAB to consider long-term Internet
issues from a theoretical point of view. It has Research Groups, similar
to IETF Working Groups, which are each tasked to discuss different research
topics. Multi-cast audio/video conferencing and privacy enhanced mail are
samples of IRTF output. See also: Internet
Architecture Board, Internet Engineering
Task Force, Privacy Enhanced Mail. [Source: RFC1392]
IS (Intermediate System).
An OSI system which performs network layer forwarding. It is analogous
to an IP router. See also: Open Systems
Interconnection, router. [Source:
RFC1392]
IS-IS (Intermediate System-Intermediate
System). The OSI IGP. See also: Open Systems
Interconnection, Interior Gateway Protocol.
[Source: RFC1392]
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture).
ISAM (Indexed Sequential
Access Method). A way of quickly accessing records in a large databese
using a small index file that includes a key and a pointer to the main
body of data.
isarithmic flow control Flow
control technique wherein a permit travels through the network. Possession
of these permits grants the right to transmit.
ISDN (Integrated Services
Digital Network). An emerging technology which is beginning to be offered
by the telephone carriers of the world. ISDN combines voice and digital
network services in a single medium, making it possible to offer customers
digital data services as well as voice connections through a single "wire".
The standards that define ISDN are specified by CCITT. See also: CCITT.
[Source: RFC1208]
ISO (International Organization
for Standardization). A voluntary, nontreaty organization founded in 1946
which is responsible for creating international standards in many areas,
including computers and communications. Its members are the national standards
organizations of the 89 member countries, including ANSI for the U.S. See
also: American National Standards Institute,
Open Systems Interconnection. [Source:
TAN]
Also: (International Standards Organization). Erronous expansion of
the acronym ISO.
ISOC (Internet Society).
The Internet Society is a non-profit, professional membership organization
which facilitates and supports the technical evolution of the Internet,
stimulates interest in and educates the scientific and academic communities,
industry and the public about the technology, uses and applications of
the Internet, and promotes the development of new applications for the
system. The Society provides a forum for discussion and collaboration in
the operation and use of the global Internet infrastructure. The Internet
Society publishes a quarterly newsletter, the Internet Society News, and
holds an annual conference, INET. The development of Internet technical
standards takes place under the auspices of the Internet Society with substantial
support from the Corporation for National Research Initiatives under a
cooperative agreement with the US Federal Government. [Source: V. Cerf]
isochronous transmission Asynchronous
(start-stop) transmission over a synchronous data link. In telephony, asinchronous
implies constant bit-rate sampling and is referred to as the inverse of
asynchronous transmission.
ISODE (ISO Development
Environment). Software that allows OSI services to use a TCP/IP network.
Pronounced eye-so-dee-eee. See also: Open
Systems Interconnection, TCP/IP
Protocol Suite. [Source: RFC1392]
ISP (Internet Service Provider).
ISR (Interrupt Service Routine).
ISSI (Inter-Switching
System Interface). The standard interface between SMDS
switches.
ISV (Independent Software
Vendor).
IT (Information Technology).
ITAPAC Major packet data
network run by Telecom Italia.
ITU (International
Telecommunications Union). United Nations.organization with representatives
from the PTTs of the world.The ITU,
headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland is an international organization within
which governments and the private sector coordinate global telecom networks
and services. ITU activities include the coordination, development, regulation
and standardization of telecommunications and organization of regional
and world TELECOM events.
ITU-TSS (International
Telecommunications Union - Technical Standards Sector). New name for the
standard making organization CCITT. See CCITT.
IWM (Integrated Woz Machine).
IXI (International X.25 Interconnect).
64Kbit/s X.25 european research
backbone.