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<H1><B><P ALIGN="CENTER">Timeline of the Holocaust: 1933 - 1945</P></B></H1>
<H2>1933</H2>
<B><P>January 30</B> - Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany.</P>
<B><P>February 28</B> - Nazis set fire to the <I>Reichstag</I>. Hitler acquires "emergency" powers as the German constitution is suspended.</P>
<B><P>March 10</B> - Dauchau, the first concentration camp, is established.</P>
<B><P>April 1</B> - Hitler orders a one-day boycott of Jewish shops and institutions.</P>
<B><P>April 7</B> - Germany passes the first anti-Jewish law.</P>
<H2>1934</H2>
<B><P>February 7</B> - Hitler's Defense Council declares intention to prepare for war.</P>
<B><P>June 30</B> - To consolidate their power, Hitler kills Ernst Roehm and other Nazi leaders.</P>
<B><P>August 3</B> - Hitler becomes the self-declared President and Chancellor of Germany.</P>
<H2>1935</H2>
<B><P>September 15</B> - German Jews lose their citizenship as the first of the Nuremburg laws are passed. These laws would systematically exclude Jews from German society.</P>
<P><B>November 14</B> - Under Nazi law, a Jew is defined as anyone with three Jewish grandparents, or anyone having two Jewish grandparents who claims to be Jewish.</P>
<H2>1936</H2>
<B>Nazi anti-Jewish activity is put on hiatus as the 11th Olympiad is held in Berlin. The nations of the world do not see Hitler's injustice.</B>
<H2>1937</H2>
<P><B>July 2</B> - Many Jewish students expelled from German schools and universities.</P>
<P><B>July 19</B> - Buchenwald concentration camp opened.</P>
<P><B>November 16</B> - Jews contained in Germany by act making Jewish passports invalid for international travel.</p>
<H2>1938</H2>
<P><B>March 12</B> - German annexation of Austria. German anti-Jewish laws take effect in the subjugated country.</P>
<P><B>October 28</B> - 15,000 Jews herded into Poland at gunpoint.
<P><B>November 9</B> - Kristallnacht, the "Night of Broken Glass," begins. These government-sanctioned riots resulted in incredible destruction of Jewish property in Germany.</P>
<P><B>November 15</B> - All Jewish students expelled from German education.</P>
<H2>1939</H2>
<P><B>August 23</B> - Russia and Germany sign a non-aggression pact.</P>
<P><B>September 1</B> - Hitler declares war on Poland.</P>
<P><B>September 3</B> - World War II begins.</P>
<P><B>October 12</B> - Trains begin shipping Austrian Jews to camps in Poland.</P>
<P><B>November 23</B> - Law mandates that Polish Jews wear a yellow star as identification.</P>
<P><B>November 28</B> - The first ghetto is set up in Protrkow, Poland.</P>
<H2>1940</H2>
<P><B>February 12</B> - German Jews are sent to concentration camps for the first time.</P>
<P><B>April 9</B> - Denmark falls to Germany and is occupied by German troops.</P>
<P><B>May 10</B> - Germany invades Holland, Belgium, and France.</p>
<P><B>May 20</B> - The most infamous of the concentration camps, Auschwitz, is established.</P>
<P><B>June 22</B> - France is forced to surrender to Germany.</P>
<P><B>September 27</B> - Japan joins with Germany and Italy in the Axis Powers.</P>
<P><B>October 2</B> - The ghetto of Warsaw, Poland, is erected.</P>
<P><B>November 20-24</B> - The Axis Powers gain three new members: Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia.</P>
<H2>1941</H2>
<P><B>March</B> - Adolf Eichmann is appointed the head of the Gestapo.</P>
<P><B>April</B> - German troops occupy Greece and Yugoslavia.</P>
<P><B>June 22</B> - German forces invade Russia.</P>
<P><B>June-December</B> - <I>Einsatzgruppen</I> begin orchestrated mass murder of eastern European Jews.</P>
<P><B>September 1</B> - Germany orders its native Jews to wear the yellow badge.</P>
<P><B>September 28-29</B> - German troops massacre 35,000 Jews at Babi Yar, near Kiev.</P>
<P><B>October 14</B> - Mass deportation of Jews to concentration and death camps begins. Birkenau is opened as an extermination camp.</P>
<P><B>October 23</B>19,000 Jews are massacred in Odessa.</P>
<P><B>December 7</B> - The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor incites the United States to join the Allied Powers, and enter World War II.
<H2>1942</H2>
<P><B>January 20</B> - The Wannsee conference meets, and discusses plans for the "Final Solution of the Jewish Problem."</P>
<P><B>March 1</B> - Extermination camps begin using poison gas to asphyxiate Jewish prisoners. Beginning with Sobibor, extermination camps used poisons like carbon monoxide and Zyklon B to facilitate mass murder.</P>
<P><B>March</B> - Deportations to Auschwitz begin.</P>
<P><B>June 20</B> - All Jewish schools are closed.</P>
<P><B>July 28</B> - Captives of the Warsaw Ghetto organize into a group of fighters.</P>
<P><B>Summer</B> - Jews from Holland, Poland, France, Belgium, and Croatia sent to extermination camps. There are several armed revolts in Jewish ghettos.</P>
<P><B>October 4</B> - All Jews in German concentration camps scheduled for transfer to Auschwitz.</P>
<P><B>November</B> - Allied troops land in Africa.</P>
<P><B>Winter</B> - Norwegian, German, and Greek Jews forced into concentration camps. Jewish partisan resistance groups gather in forests to fight the Nazis.</P>
<H2>1943</H2>
<P><B>February 2</B> - German army's advance halted at Stalingrad, Russia.</P>
<P><B>April 19</B> - Jews in the Warsaw ghetto revolt. Jews fight until early June, when Nazis burn the entire ghetto to ashes, killing rebels and innocents alike.</P>
<P><B>June</B> - Nazis order destruction of all ghettos in Poland and Russia. The inhabitants of these ghettos, facing extermination, begin armed resistance.</p>
<P><B>August 2</B> - Prisoners of the Treblinka camp stage an armed revolt.</P>
<P><B>Fall</B> - Large ghettos in Minsk, Vilna, and Riga destroyed. The Danish people begin their rescue of Danish Jews.</P>
<P><B>October 14</B> - Armed revolt breaks out at the Sobibor death camp.</P>
<H2>1944</H2>
<P><B>March 19</B> - German troops occupy Hungary.</P>
<P><B>May 15</B> - Hungarian Jews are sent to concentration camps.</P>
<P><B>June 6</B> - Allies invade France.</P>
<P><B>July 24</B> - The concentration camp at Maidanek is liberated by the Russian army.</P>
<P><B>Summer</B> - The ghettos of Kovno, Shavli, and Lodz are destroyed. Their inhabitants are sent to concentration camps.</P>
<P><B>October 7</B> - Auschwitz inmates revolt.</P>
<P><B>October 31</B> - All remaining Slovakian Jews are sent to Auschwitz.</P>
<P><B>November 2</B> - All Jews remaining in the model ghetto of Theresienstadt are sent to Auschwitz.</P>
<P><B>November 8</B> - As the Nazi empire collapses, death marches begin. 40,000 Jews are marched from Budapest to Austria, though many fewer will reach Austria alive.</P>
<H2>1945</H2>
<P><B>January 17</B> - German troops abandon Auschwitz. A death march toward Germany begins."</P>
<P><B>April 6</B> - Buchenwald prisoners begin four-day death march.</P>
<P><B>April</B> - Russian army enters Germany from the East, other Allied troops enter from the west.</P>
<P><B>April 30</B> - Hitler, hiding in his underground bunker, commits suicide.</P>
<P><B>May 7</B> - Germany surrenders, ending the war in Europe.</P>
<P><B>August 15</B> - Japan surrenders to the Allied Powers, ending World War II.</P>
<P><B>November 20</B> - Nuremburg War Crimes Trials begin.</P>
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