The inning should be reconstructed without any errors or passed balls to
determine whether or not a runner would have scored normally. The pitcher
is always given the benefit of the doubt as to which bases runners would
have reached if there were no errors.
A relief pitcher is not accountable for any of the runs scored by runners
who were on base at the time the relief pitcher entered the game.
earned run
A earned run is a run which is charged as being accountable to the pitcher.
The pitcher is not held accountable for runs scored as a result of errors
or passed balls, but is responsible for runs scored as a result of:
