In the case of new companies with foreign equity participation, the public offer should not be less than 20% of the issued capital, and the Indian promoter's share should not be more than 40% of the issued capital. For new companies without any foreign equity participation, the public offer is required to be at least 60% of the issued capital.
Finance companies would be eligible to make an issue only if they have a minimum track record of 2 years operations or they have been granted registration as a non-banking financial company by RBI or as an intermediary by SEBI.
Stock exchanges are required to ensure that the companies concerned, have a valid acknowledgment card issued by SEBI. SEBI vets the offer document, to ensure that all disclosures have been made by the company, in the offer document, at the time the company applies for listing of its securities to the stock exchange.
Following the abolition of the office of Controller of Capital Issues and the consequent removal of administrative control over the pricing of new issues, the capital markets now enjoy a considerable degree of freedom. New companies, being set up by existing companies; with a five year track record of profitability, are free to price issues, provided the participation of the promoters is not less than 25% of the equity of the new company and the pricing is made applicable to all new investors symmetrically.
Where a new company is set up by existing private sector companies along with a state level agency, or a government company, or a foreign collaborator, it will be sufficient if the private sector companies alone satisfy the requirements of five year track record of profitability.
Existing profitable companies issuing capital for augmenting their own capital base are free to price their issue. At the same time, the practice of making preferential allotment of shares, unrelated to the prevailing market prices was stopped by SEBI.
In any capital issue to the public, there is a specified minimum capital contribution to be made by the promoters.
To reduce the cost of the issue, underwriting by issues has been made optional, subject to the condition that if an issue is not underwritten, and is not able to collect 90% of the amount offered to the public, the entire amount collected would be refunded to the investors.
Where fully convertible debentures (FCDs) are to be issued, the interest rate can be freely determined by the issuer.
Companies are required to create a Debenture Redemption Reserve (DRR) equivalent to 50% of the amount of debenture issue before debenture redemption commences.
The cost of issuing capital, as of December 1992, was estimated at approximately 9-19% of the issue. This included fees for issue management, underwriting fees, stationary costs, advertisement and publicity costs, mailing costs, brokerage, etc. Companies have a variety of options which entail lower issue costs, such as GDR issues, private placement, and bought-out deals.
SEBI's intention of passing on some part of its responsibility to the lead managers is reflected in the new guidelines announced in May 1995. The major decisions were :
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |