Michail Gorbaczow, the initiator of transformations in Central Europe, October 7th 1989.

In 1985 Michail Gorbaczow was chosen for a post of first secretary of KPZR. In interior policy he announced radical reconstruction of economy, it is so-called pirestrojka. He supported the ideas of opened political life, administrative decisions and revealing the crimes comitted in USSR nations in the past.

The biggest aspirations of independence were in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. In December 1991 inhabitants of Lithuania and Latvia tried to free themselves from USSR rules. In that situation Promoskiewskie Komitety Ocalenia Narodowego with army's help strived after taking the authority over. Residences of these republics came up against the army. In February 91% of Lithuania citizens were for creating independent Lithuanian country. One month later above 70% of Latvia and Estonia wanted to recover freedom for their republics.

On March 7th 1991 it was carried over a referendum related to future of the USSR as "a renewed federation of independent republics", in which people of each nation would have the same rights. Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia and Moldavia refused to take part in referendum. Announced in others nine republics results of voting were unfair. According to Gorbaczow intention, they confirmed the society support for the idea of USSR unity.

In spring 1991 Zwiazek Zawodowy Gornikow started to strike in mines of Zaglebie Donieckie in Ukraine. The strike spread to areas of Federacja Rosyjska, especially Syberia very quickly. Beside economic postulates, strikers demanded resignation of Michail Gorbaczow accusing him and his policy of cause of economic crisis.

In April Federacja Niezaleznych Zwiazkow Zawodowych called the society to strikes. 50 milions people answered to its appeal. Among postulates, there was a demand of liquidation KPZR from intitutions. Also in Byelorussia strikers fought for independence of their republics.

Announcement of Borys Jelcyn during a coup d'etat in Moscow on August 19th 1991.

On June 12th 1991 Borys Jelcyn was chosen for a president of Russia. 74,7% of people voted for him. Similar to Gorbaczow Jelcyn started his political career in KPZR. After withdrawing from the party, he became a member of opposition.

The tries of Gorbaczow to keeping country's unity became a reason to create a project of turning USSR into Unia Suwerennych Republik Radzieckich. A day before signing it, on August 19th 1991 there was a coup d'etat in Moscow. Komitet Stanu Wyjatkowego included the representatives of Conservatives from party, administration, army with deputy prime minister of USSR Genadij Janajew in charge of it.Thanks to Jelcyn's attitude, who was supported by inhabitants of Moscow, Leningrad and other Russian cities, the coup d'etat finished after three days.

The coup d'etat hastened the decay of USSR.On December 8th 1991 in Brzesc the authorities of Ukraine and Byelorussia signed the contract refering to creating of the Wspolnota Niepodleglych Panstw. A few days later five Central-Asian republics attached to it. In Ukraine and others republics there were presidential elections. Created in 1992 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, on Deceber 31st stopped its existence.