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| War Weekly's report about pope's arriving to Poland, which called out a feeling of optimism and solidarity among people. |
In spite of liquidation of the trade unions, taking over the property of Solidarity and drastic restrictions, first secret publications started to appear just after the introduction of the martial law. Their conspiratorial activity became an important element of social resistance. There were newspapers published by different kinds of illegal structures of Solidarity and religious circles. However there was no idea who should manage these activities, coordinate the actions and be in charge of Solidarity. The chartered authority could not be engaged in it because most members of Komisja Krajowa of Solidarity were interned. It was necessary to appoint the management, settle a strategy of actions. Jacek Kuron declared for centralized, disciplined organization, which would not refrain from using violence. Wiktor Kulerski suggested decentralized activity consistinhg of independent groups.
On April 22nd 1982 problems of the management were decided. It was called Tymczasowa Komisja Koordynacyjna of Solidarity. In TKK there were some members of Komisja Krajowa: Zbigniew Bujak, Wladyslaw Frasyniuk, Wladyslaw Hardek and Bogdan Lis.
Before TKK appeared, Solidarity had its broadcasting station. On April 12th 1982 the program was broadcast in Warsaw. One month later there were similar broadcasts in Poznan and in Gdansk.
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| Illegal printing-office liquidated in Wroclaw. |
Beside TKK, on April 22th there was founded Miedzyzakladowy Robotniczy Komitet Solidarity (MRKS) in Warsaw, which included sixty three intitutions. On May 8th Regionalny Komitet Wykonawczy Mazowsza was founded. It included: Zbigniew Bujak, Wiktor Kulerski, Zbigniew Romaszewski. Also in May there appeared Solidarity Walczaca - political organization which was against hte agreement with the government. On July 19th Rada Edukacji Narodowej (National Education Council) was founded. It appealed to teachers for protection of the students and boycotting the government actions.
On May 13th TKK announced a first action, which were breaks during the work. Earlier, on May 1st there were independent demonstrations with slogans of solidarity in many cities and towns. MO detachements did not intervene. On May 3rd there were also manifestations. ZOMO attacked. People who were coming back from church were beaten. ZOMO used tear-gases. Some people were arrested. On May 13th hte third wave of demonstrations went across Poland.
TKK, which counted on agreement with the authorities because of July celebrity, appealed to workmen for no strikes and demonstrations until July 22th (a national holiday). However the government did not react.
On August 31st there were the largest demonstrations during the martial law. The most violent one was in Lublin. Three people were killed and some were injuried. The victims were also in Wroclaw, where one person died. On October 5th 1982 in Wroclaw Wladyslaw Frasyniuk, who was hiding since the beginning of the martial law, was arrested. On November 24th The Province Court sentenced him to six years of prison.