(1956-1970)')">
DECEMBER INSURRECTION (1970)
On October 30th 1970 the Political Office allowed the government to
change prices of lots of goods. The prices of essential foodstuffs were
higher and higher. On the contrary, the prices of products, which were
bought rather rarely, only by rich people, fell down. On December 12th
on Saturday at the meeting of Basal Party Organizations (of the Polish
United Workers' Party) a letter from the Political Office was read explaining
the reason of prices' rise. Also on December 12th Gomulka had an appearance
on TV and radio, he informed people about the introduced rises. On Monday
the workers of Gdansk Shipyard did not start work. They demanded all rises
to be cancelled, the change in the work conditions and personal changes
in PZPR. The march came out from the shipyard. The workers went to Province
Committee. Strikers chose a delegation, which went into the edifice. At
that time the province secretary was taking part in the meeting of Polish
United Workers' Party's management in Warsaw. The same day the representatives
of government left Warsaw. They were: Stanislaw Kociolek, Alojzy Karkoszk,
Franciszek Kain, whose purpose was to finish the strike.
The news about strike was sent to Gomulka. Meanwhile in Gdansk there
were more and more demonstrating people. Militia detachments attacked.
There was a heavy fight between MO and demonstrators. Strikers set fire
to the printing-office in Province Committee building. In the evening Militia
arrested ordinary people, who were locked in police offices. They were
beaten and later taken to different prisons. This kind of terror was used
during December events in towns and cities, in which people protested.
|
The shipyard is empty
as if
everybody left it. |
Next day the strike in Gdansk spread to other institutions. People from
other parts of Poland knew nothing about the situation in Gdansk. Once
again there was a demonstration in the shipyard. The members of it went
to the Province Committee edifice and afterwards - to the main province
militia station, where there again were heavy fights. Militia used tear-gases,
canes. In this situation the party management and the government decided
to introduce the martial law in Gdansk and police-hour from 6 pm to 6 am.
They gave permission to Militia and army to use the weapons if there were
some attacks or arsons. In the meantime demonstrators set fire to the edifice
of "Voivodeship Council of Trade Unions". The edifice of NOT (a scientific
organization) was burned as well.
On December 15th in Gdansk Gomulka formed a local headquarters, which
had to liquidate the conflict. There were some members of Political Office:
Kliszko, Kociolek, Loga-Sowinski, Korczynski.
Strikes broke out also in other cities like: Gdynia, Elblag, Szczecin,
Slupsk. And once again the army, which occupied Gdansk, attacked. Soldiers
started to shoot. Two people were killed and some were injured.
Kliszko decided to close the shipyard. In the same time Kociolek,
who knew nothing about it, called shipyarders to return to work. And that
is why they arrived at the station thinking about going to work, but the
army was there. Nobody knew what was going on. However workers went to
the shipyard and then soldiers started to shoot, they used tanks and helicopters.
A few people were killed.
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| Szczecin - December
17th 1970 |
Strikes spread over to seven provinces. In the effect of fights 9 people
were killed in Gdansk, 18 in Gdynia , 16 in Szczecin and 1 person in Elblag.
1165 people were injured, about 3 thousand people were arrested. On December
18th 1970 the Political Office got a letter from the USSR government, in
which they advised their "Polish friends" to solve the problem by political
methods, not by terror. It meant that Gomulka had lost the USSR's support.
He had to resign.
On December 20th there was a meeting of Polish United Workers' Party
leaders in Warsaw. They accepted Gomulka's resignation. Edward Gierek took
his place. The closest collaborators of Gomulka: Kiliszko, Spychalski,
Strzelecki, Jaszczuk were dismissed from the Political Office. Their places
were taken over partly by adherents of Gierek and partly by people from
Moczar's team.