Thiamin, also known as Vitamin B₁, is a water-soluable vitamin important for releasing the energy stored in carbohydrates and the creation of an important chemical used by the nervous system.

Thiamin deficiency causes a condition known as beriberi, the symptoms of which include mental confusion, muscle weakness, paralysis, cramps, and anorexia. An interesting property of Thiamin is that unlike other Vitamins and Minerals, your need for Thiamin increases as your caloric intake increases. The National Research Council recommends half a milligram per 1,000 Calories as a safe daily intake.

References:

• National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances, 10th Edition. Washington: 1989.