Minerals have many important functions in the body. An athlete should know that minerals are significant for a number of regulatory functions: muscle contraction, conduction of nerve impulses and regulation of normal heart rhythm, to name a few. Iron and Calcium are both minerals of special concern to athletes, especially women. Iron is crucial in the formation of hemoglobin - the oxygen carrier within red blood cells. Calcium is needed for the formation and strengthening of bones. It is also critical for conduction of nerve impulses, heart function, muscle contraction and the operation of certain enzymes.

Minerals are classified into two groups, based upon the amounts the body needs. There are major and minor minerals. Major ones, calcium for example, are those needed in the diet at levels greater than 100 milligrams per day. Minor, or trace elements, such as iron, are those where fewer than 100 milligrams a day are required.

For a complete list of minerals, refer to the Nutrient Profiles section.

Reference:

• Coleman, Ellen. Eating for Endurance. Bull Publishing Co, Palo Alto, CA. 1992.