Personal pronouns, possessive pronouns: Table

..

PRONOUNS

Subject	Object	Possessive Adjective	Possessive Pronoun
I	me	my	mine
you	you	your	yours
he	him	his	his
she	her	her	hers
it	it	its	its
PLURAL	.	.	.
we	us	our	ours
you	you	your	yours
they	them	their	theirs

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

1. Personal pronouns can be used as subject or object in a sentence or clause.

They have two forms:

1. Object
2. Subject

Examples:

a. You ask her.
b. They know him.
c. She invited me to dinner.
d. We see them often.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Important!

In English possessives agree with the possessor. (Simon's book=his book) and not with the object possessed, as, for example, in French. (Le livre de Julie=Son livre)

Examples
Jane's brother is married to John's sister.
Her brother is married to his sister.

Possessive pronouns are not preceded by an article.

Examples:
a. These books are yours. They are your books.
b. This camera is mine. That camera is his.
c. These photographs are mine. Those are hers.
d. Is this their picnic? No, it is ours.
e. I think this is your passport. Yes, it is yours.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

PERSON	1st	2nd	3rd
SINGULAR:	myself	yourself	himself, herself, itself, oneself
PLURAL:	ourselves	yourselves	themselves

Reflexive pronouns are often used to emphasize ( frequently in the form preposition+reflexive pronoun).

She can look after herself.
Let him speak for himself.

She told herself that she would never marry again.
He's old enough to dress himself.

Examples:

Insistence:

a. She lives by herself
. b. I can ask him myself.
c. They always eat by themselves.
d. Peter will speak to her himself.

Reflex ion:

a. She gave herself a holiday in Venice.
b. Just say to yourself that it was bad luck.
c. He was so old and sick he couldn't dress himself.
d. I often ask myself why I'm living here.

THE PRONOUNS ONE, ONES

Singular = one
Plural = ones

One / ones replace a word already used in a sentence or understood (visible) in the conversation:
"Would you like large apples or small ones?"
"I'll have some large ones, please."

"I like this one and that one."

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

Are used when the exact identity of the person or object is not important.

Examples:

John won the 400 metre race. [Someone won the 400 metre race].
25% of the fruit was bad. [Some of the fruit was bad.]
The boy ate 25% of the cake. [Someone ate some of the cake]

Indefinite pronouns, classes

Unspecified singular or plural persons and things: anyone, anybody, anything
someone, somebody, something
everyone, everybody, everything
no , one, nobody, nothing

Unspecified amounts and quantities:

some, any, half, enough, several, both, all, none, each, most many.

Choice:

either, neither.

Examples:< a. Has anybody seen Peter this morning?
b. I can take the red one or the blue. Either is acceptable.
c. Half the men survived the shipwreck.
d. Several people complained.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS - WHO, WHOM, THAT, WHICH

WHO = relative pronouns for persons.
(WHOM when it is not the subject)

WHICH= relative pronoun for things.

THAT = can replace who or which

Relative pronouns join a subordinate clauses to a main clause:

Without a relative pronoun:

Graham Green was a writer. He wrote The Quiet American.

With relative pronoun:

Graham Green was a writer who wrote The Quiet American.

or

Graham Green, who wrote the The Quiet American, was a writer.

Examples:

a.That is the dog which bit me.
b.She is the woman whose husband is Greek.
(The same as: Her husband is Greek.
c.Where is the book that I left on the table?

Relative pronouns join a subordinate clause to a main clause:

He is the man that I met in Sydney.

RULES:

1. The relative pronoun can be omitted when it is followed by a subject:

This is the man that I met yesterday.
or
This is the man I met yesterday.

2. If the relative pronoun is not followed by a subject the relative pronoun must be included:

a. That is the film that won first prize at Cannes.
b. My father is the one who taught me to swim.
c. That is the dog which barks all night.

3. When the relative pronoun is preceded by a comma it must be included:

a. Sally, who is English, lives in France.
b. The trains, which are always late, are very slow.
c. The exam, which is easy, is held every December.

4. WHOSE is the possessive relative pronoun. It can never be omitted.

a. I know a man whose house is near yours.
b. My wife has a friend whose daughter lives in London.
c. It is sad to see a man whose life is unhappy.