The National Flag

The flag of Singapore consists of two equal horizontal sections, red above white. In the upper left canton is a white crescent moon beside five white stars within a circle.

Red symbolises universal brotherhood and equality of man, while white signifies prevading and everlasting purity and virtue. The crescent moon represents a young nation on the ascendant, illuminated by the ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality as signified by the five stars.

The ration of the width to the length of the flag is two to three.

The National Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Singapore consists of a shield emblazoned with a white crescent moon and five white stars against a red background. Supporting the shield are a lion on the left and a tiger on the right. Below the shield is a banner inscribed with the Republic's motto, Majulah Singapura (Let Singapore Flourish). The lion represents Singapore itself and the tiger the island's historical links with Malaysia.

The National Flower

Vanda Miss Joaquim was first discovered in the Singapore garden of Miss Agnes Joaquim in 1893 and registered in the same year. It is a natural hybrid between V teres and V hookeriana. Among the several varieties of Vanda Miss Joaquim, the variety "Agnes" was chosen to be the National Flower of Singapore in 1981.

Vanda Miss Joaquim can bear up to 12 buds. Each flower is about five centimetres wide by six centimetres tall. The petals are twisted 180 degrees so that their backs face towards the front. Petals and dorsal sepal are pink with shades of violet, whereas the lateral sepals are very pale mauve, almost white. The lip is broad with a fan-shaped mid lobe, and coloured rosy violet with a bright orange yellow throat which is spotted dark purple.

The National Symbol

The legendary lion, from which the name Singapore was derived, symbolises courage, strength and excellence. It is in solid red against a white background -- the colours of the national flag. Its mane's five partings, representing the five ideals -- democracy, peace. progress, justice and equality --are as embodied in the five stars of the national flag. The lion's tenacious miem symbolises the nation's single-minded resolve to face any challenges and overcome any obstacles.

Pledge to the Nation

We, the citizens of Singapore,

pledge ourselves as one united people,

reagardless of race, language or religion,

to build a democratic society

based on justice and equality

so as to achieve happiness, prosperity

and progress for our nation.

The National Anthem

Our National Anthem Majulah Singapura Mari kita rakyat Singapura Sama-sama menuju, bahagia Cita-cita kita yang mulia Berjaya Singapura! Mari-lah kita bersatu, Dengan semangat yang baru Semua kita berseru Majulah Singapura! Majulah Singapura!

Its Meaning in English May Singapore progress Let us, the people of Singapore Together march towards happiness Our noble aspiration is to make A success of Singapore Let us unite With a new spirit Let us proclaim May Singapore progress! May Singapore progess!