 |  |
 | ||
 |
 |
| U.S.S.R launched Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. In response, the U.S. formed the Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DOD); its goal was to establish the U.S.'s lead in science and technology applicable to the military. |
 The Daly City Earthquake of 1957 occurred in San Francisco. This was the first quake in San Francisco since 1906!! |
| The U.S.S.R launched packet-switching (PS) networks which were developed with no single outage point. |
The famous actress who's last words on a movie screen were: "How do you find your way back in the dark?" died. This of course is the one and only Marilyn Monroe who lived from 1926-1962. |
| A plan was presented for a packet-switching network. The first design papers on ARPANET were published by Lawrence G. Roberts. The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) was created in England and was responsible for developing the NPL Data Network under D.W. Davies. |
The Beatles came out with their chart topping album "Sergeant Pepper". |
| The PS-network was presented to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). |
Martin Luther King was assassinated. |
| ARPANET was commissioned by DOD for research into networking. The first nodes were at UCLA and other research institutions. |
In August of 1969 Woodstock rocked the nation! Woodstock was a concert that involved many bands that went on for several days. The very first man landed on the moon; this of course was Neil Armstrong. |
| Networks were stored and forwarded. Electronic mail technology was used and was extended to conferencing. ALOHA-net was developed by Norma Abrahamson, University of Hawaii. This was connected to APARNET in 1972. APARNET hosts started using the Network Control Protocol (NCP). |
Favorite television shows:Dukes of Hazard and Chips |
| Fifteen nodes and 23 hosts were expanded among many schools in the United States.Ray Tomilson of BBN invents email program to send messages across a distributed network. The original program was derived from two others: an intra-machine email program (SNDMSG) and an experimental file transfer program (CPYNET). |
Favorite Movies: Monty Python and the Holy Grail, and Dirty Harry |
| An International Conference on Computer Communications with demonstrations of APARNET on 40 separate machines. The Terminal Interface Processor (TIP) was organized by Bob Kahn. InterNetworking Working Group (INWG) was created to address the need for establishing protocols. |
Favorite Bands and music :Led Zeppelin, The Doors, Pink Floyd, Jimi Hendrix, Aerosmith, and Janis Joplin. "My Sharona", by "The Knack" was a #1 hit in 1979. |
| The first international connections to the APARNET were developed. Bob Kahn poses Internet problem and started the Interneting Research Program at ARPA. |
Vietnam War ended in 1973. |
| BBN opened Telnet, the first public packet data service (a commercial version of ARPANET). |
Gadgets:Pong and lava lamps. |
| Operational management of Internet was transferred to DCA (now DISA). |
Cars: Plymouth Roadrunner,383 Magnum with nitrous oxide and many extra's. |
| Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom sent out an e-mail. Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) was developed at AT&T Bell Labs and was distributed with UNIX one year later. |
America's Bi-Centenial, we were 200 years as a country in 1976. |
| THEORYNET, created by Larry Landweber, was developed. This provided electronic mail to over 100 researchers in computer science(using a locally developed e-mail system and TELNET for access to server). Tymshare launched Tymnet for the first time. The first demonstrations of ARPANET/Packet Radio Net/SATNET operations of Internet protocols were developed with BBN-supplied gaterways in July. |
| A meeting between the University of Wisconsin, DARPA, NSF, and computer scientists from many universities met to establish a Computer Science Department research computer network. USENET was established using UUCP between Duke and UNC by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin. All original groups were under net.*hierarchy. ARPA established the Internet Configuration Control Board (ICCB). The Packet Radio Network (PRNET) experiment was started with DARPA funding. Most communications took place between mobile vans. ARPANET connected via SRI. |
Dion Roy, Lisa Mcarthy, and Evan Damerow, were born. |
| Networks were stored and forwarded. Electronic mail technology was used and extended to conferencing. ALOHA-net was developed by Norma Abrahamson from the University on Hawaii. This was connected to APARNET in 1972. APARNET hosts started using the Network Control Protocol (NCP). |
Music and Entertainment:MTV and V-H1 were created. The following shows were all very popular: You Can't Do That on Television, A-Team, Bosom Buddies, Cheers, Family Ties, and Night Rider. Trivial Pursuit became a very well known game. It was fun for families and was a best selling, unforgetable game. The Cubs got lights at Rigley Field. They were the first team to play a baseball game at night! |
| DCA and ARPA established the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET. This lead to one of the first definitions of an "internet" as a connected set of networks. EUnet (European UNIX Network) was created by EUUG to provide e-mail and USENET services. EGP was U.S.ed for gateways between networks. |
| Domain Name Server (DNS) was introduced for the first time. The number of hosts broke 1,000. JUNET (Japan Unix Network) was established using UUCP. JANET was established (Joint Academic Network) in the UK using the Coloured Book protocols; previously SERCnet. Moderated newsgroups were introduced on USENET (mod.*)Neuromancer was written by William Gibson. |
| The Whole Earth 'Lectronic (WELL) was started. One-hundred years to the day of the last spike being driven on the cross-Canada railroad, the last Canadian university was connected to bitNET in a one year effort to have coast-to-coast connectivity. (:kfl:) |
| NSFNET was created. This is the backbone speed of 56Kbps. The first Freenet came on-line (in Cleveland) under the auspices of the Society for Public Access Computing (SoPAC). Later Freenet was a program management assumed by the National Public Telecomputing Network (NPTN). Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) was designed to enhance usenet performance over TCP/IP. Mail Exchanger (MX) records were developed by Craig Partridge which allowed non-IP network hosts to have domain addresses. The great USENET name was changed; moderated newsgroups changed in 1987. BARRNET (Bay Area Regional Research Network) was established using high speed links. |
|
The last sentence from 86 became operational in 87. NSF signs developed a cooperative agreement to manage the NSFNET backbone with Merit Network, Inc. Merit, IBM, and MCI later founded ANS.UUNET which was founded with Unisex funds to provide commercial UUCP and usenet access. This was origianlly an experiment by Rick Adams and Mike O'Dell. The number of hosts broke 10,000. The number of bitNET hosts broke 1,000. |
| On November 1, the Internet worm burrowed through the Net, afffecting-6,000 of the 60,000 hosts on the Internet (:ph1:). CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) was formed by DARPA in response to the needs exhibited during the Morris worm incident. DoD chose to adopt OSI and saw use of TCP/IP as an interim. The U.S. Government OSI Profile (GOSIP) defined the set of protocols to be supported by Government purchased products (:gck:). |
|
|
|
The number of hosts broke 100,000. RIPE (Reseaux IP Europeens) was formed to ensure the necessary administrative and technical coordination. This would allow the operation of the pan-European IP Network. First relays between a commercial electronic mail carrier and the Internet were created. Corporation for Research and Education Networking (CREN) was formed by the merge of CSNET into bitNET. Internet Engineering Task Force (IRTF) came into existence under AARNET (Australian Academic Research Network) Cuckoo's Egg was written by Clifford Stoll. This tells the real-life tale of a German cracker group who infiltrated numerous. U.S. facilities. Countries that connected to NSFNET are AU.S.tralia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, and UK. |
In 1987, there was a tremendous Stock Market Crash which affected many Americans. The Super Nova explosion occurred. President Ronald Regan and the Pope were both shot. They were wounded but were not killed. Iran Contra Scandal occurred and Oliver North was a famous guy for a little while. The great Tylenol Scare happened. Telephone Company Break Up. McDonalds was created in the U.S.S.R. Cabbage Patch Dolls were very popular. Remember people trying to buy these at Christmas??? |
| APARNET ceased to exist Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) which was founded by Mitch Kapor Archie, Peter Deutsch, Alan Emtage, and Bill Heelan at McGill Hytelet. The World came on-line (would.std.com), becoming the first commercial provider of Internet dial-up access. ISO Development Environment (ISODE) was developed to provide an approach for OSI migration for the DoD. ISODE software allowed OSI application to operate over TCP/IP. CA*net was formed by 10 regional networks as national Canadian backbone with a direct connection to NSFNET. The first remotely operated machine to be hooked up to the Internet, the Internet Toaster, (controlled via SNMP) made its debut at Interop [picture]. Countries that connected to NSFNET include: Argentina, AU.S.tria, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Greece,India, Ireland, South Korea, Spain, and Switzerland. |
|
| Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX) Association, Inc. was formed by General Atomics (CERFnet), Performances Systems International, Inc. (PSInet), and UUNET Technologies, Inc. (AlterNet), after NSF lifted restrictions on the commercial use of the Net. Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) was invented by Brewster Kahle, and released by Thinking Machines Corporation. Gopher was released by Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill from the University of Minnesota. The World-Wide-Web (WWW) was released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee developer. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) was released by Philip Zimmerman. U.S. High Performance Computing Act (Gore1) established the National Research and Education Network (NREN). NSFNET backbone was upgraded to T3 (44.736Mbps). NSFNET traffic passed 1 trillion bytes/month and 10 billion packets/month. There was the start of JANET IP Service (JIPS) which signaled the changeover from Coloured Book software to TCP/IP within the UK academic network. IP was initially 'tunneled' within X.25. Countries connecting to NSFNET were: Crotia, Czech Republic, Hong Kong, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa, Taiwan, and Tunisia. |
|
| The Internet Society (ISOC) was chartered. The number of hosts broke 1,000,000. The first MBONE audio multicast (March) and video multicast (November). IAB reconstituted as the Internet Architecture Board and became a part of the Internet Society. Veronica, a gopherspace search tool, was released by University of Nevada. World Bank came on-line. Internet Hunt was started by Rick Gates. Countries connecting to NSFNET include: Cameroon, CyprU.S., Ecuador, Estonia, Kuwair, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Slovakia, Thailand, Venezuala. |
|
| InerNIC was created by NSF to provide specific Internet services:directory and databade services (AT&T) registration services (Network Solutions Inc.) information services (General Atomics/CERFnet) U.S. White House came on line (http://www.whitehoU.S.e.gov/) Bill Clinton: president@whitehoU.S.e.gov Vice-President Al Gore: vice-president@whitehoU.S.e.gov First Lady Hillary Clinton: root@whitehoU.S.e.gov Worms of a new kind find their way around the Net-WWW Worms (W4), joined by Spiders, Wanderers, Crawlers, and Snakes...Internet Talk Radio began broadcasting United Nations (UN) come on-line U.S. National Information Infrastructure Act Business and media really took notice of the Internet. Mosaic took the Internet by storm; WWW proliferated at a 341,634% annual growth rate of service traffic. Gopher's growth was 997% Many countries connected to NSFNET including: Bulgaria, Costa Rica, Egypt, Fiji, Ghana, Guam, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Liechtenstein, Peru, Romania, RU.S.sian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, Islands. |
|
|
| ARPANET/Internet celebrated it's 25th anniversary. Communities began to be wired up directly to the Internet (Lexington and Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A). U.S. Senate and House provided information servers. Shopping malls arrived on the Internet. The first cyberstation, RT-FM, broadcasted from Inertop in Las Vegas. The National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) suggested that GOSIP should incorporate TCP/IP and drop the "OSI-only" requirements. Arizona law firm of Canter & Siegel "spams" the Internet with e-mail advertising green card lottery services; Net citizens flamed back.NSFNET traffic passed ten trillion bytes/month. Yes it's true! You can now order pizza from the Hut on-line. Japenese prime minister on-line (http://www.kantei.go.jp) UK's HM treasury came on line (http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk) New Zealand's Info Tech Prime Minister on-line (http://www.govt.nz/) First Virtual, the first cyberband, open up for bU.S.iness. Radio stations start rockin' (rebroadcasting) round the clock on the Net: WXYC at UofNC, WJHK at UofKS-Lawrence, KUGS at Western WA University. Trans-European Research and Education Network Association (TERENA) was formed by the merge of TATE and EARN, with representatives from 38 countries as well as CERN and ECMWF. TERERNA's aim was to "promote and participate in the development of a high quality international information and telecommunications infrastructure for the benefit of research and education" Countries connected to NSFNET: Algeria, Armenia, Bermuda, Burkina Faso, China, Colombia, French Polynesia, Jamacia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macau, Morocco, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Panama, Philippines, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Uruguay, Uzbekistan. |
|
|
| NSFNET was reverted back to a research network. Main U.S. backbone traffic was now routed through interconnected network providers. Hong Kong police disconnected all but one of the colony's Internet providers in search of a hacker. Ten thousand people were left without Net access. Real Audio, and audio streaming technology, now lets the Net hear in near real-time. Radio HK, the first 24hr., Internet-only radio station began broadcasting. WWW surpassed ftp-data in March as the service with the greatest traffic on NSFNet based on packet count, and in April based on byte count. Traditional online dial-up systems (Compuserve, America Online, Prodigy) began to provide Internet access. A number of Net related companies went public, with Netscape leading the pack with the 3rd largest ever NASDAQ IPO share value. (August 9) Thousands in Minneapolis-St.Paul (U.S.A) lost Net access after transients started a bonfire under a bridge at the University of Minnesota causing fiber-optic cables on melt (30 July) Registration of domain names is now no longer free. Beginning on September 14, a $50 annual fee was imposed, which up until now was subsidized by NSF. NSF. continued to pay for. edu registration, and on an interim basis for. gov. The Vatican came on-line (http://www.vatican.va/) The Canadian Government came on-line (http://canada.gc.ca/) The 1st official Internet wiretap was successful in helping the Secret Service and Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) aprehended three individuals who were illegally manufactoring and selling cell phone cloning equipment and electronic devices. Operational Home Front connected, for the first time, soldiers in the field with their families back home via the Internet. Richard White became the first person to be declared a munition, under the U.S.A's arms export control laws, because of an RSA file security encryption program emblazoned on his arm Technologies of the Year: WWW, search engines Emerging Technologies: Mobile code (JAVA, JAVA script), virtual environments (VRML) Collaborative tools. |
|
|
| The Internet 1996 World Exposition which was the first World's Fair to take place on the Internet occurred. Internet phones caught the attention of U.S. telecommunication companies who asked the U.S. Congress to ban the technology (which has been around for years). The controversial U.S. Communications Decency Act became a law in the U.S. in order to prohibit distibution of indecent materials over the Net. A few months later a three-judge panel imposed an injunction against its enforcement. 9,272 organizations found themselves unlisted after the InterNIC droped their name service as a result of not having paid their domain name fee. America OnLine (AOL) suffered a 19 hour outage, bringing into question whether ISP's will be able to handle the growing number of users. Restrictions on the Internet were used around the world: -China: required users and ISP's to register with the police. |
|
Big-Bit of the 90's The Hubble Space Telescope was created. Galileo Flyby of the Moon. There was controversy with the Census Bureau. Clinton was elected (1992) and became president of the U.S.. Cars: Chevy Blazer Winnebago 31' Super Cheif In 1996 the Yankee's won the world Championship. Dion's beautiful daughter Hayley, was born February 17th, 1997. Please, e-mail us with any information that you feel will add to the usability of this page. |
1957
