Albert Einstein:
Einstein, Albert. 1879-1955. American physicist, b. Ulm, Germany. Naturalized Swiss at age of 15. Professor, Zuerich (1909-11, 1912-14), Deutsche U., Prague (1911-12); invited to Berlin by Prussian Academy of Sciences, adopted German citizenship, and became professor, U. of Berlin (1914). Director, Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute, Berlin (1914). To U.S. (1933); member, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (1933-55); became naturalized American citizen (1940). Enunciated theory of relativity, publishing account of special theory of relativity (1905) and of general theory (1916), papers on a unified field theory which sought to include in a single mathematical formula the laws of electromagnetism and gravitation (1929); explained Brownian movement and gave formula for it; deduced influence of gravity on propagation of light; discovered and formulated equivalence of mass and energy; developed law of photoelectric effect to explain transformation of light quanta. Awarded 1921 Nobel prize for physics. Author of The Meaning of Relativity (1923), Builders of the Universe (1932), Why War? (with Freud, 1933), The World As I See It (1934), Out of My Later Years (1950).
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