John Dalton:
Dalton, John. 1766-1844. English chemist and physicist. Teacher of mathematics and physics in New Coll., Manchester (1793-1800); lecturer and private teacher. President of Philosophical Society (1817-44). Kept meteorological diary (from 1787); published Meteorological Observations and Essays, in which he maintained magnetic origin of Aurora Borealis (1793); gave first detailed description of color blindness, or Daltonism, from which he and his brother suffered (1794); read paper (1803; pub. 1805) on the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids containing statement of Dalton's law, or law of partial pressures; formulated relation of temperature and volume of bodies of gas (known as Charles' s law); discovered butylene and determined composition of ether; arranged table of atomic weights (1803); first to give clear statement of atomic theory (1803-07); discovered law of multiple proportions.
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