Nile Floods Case Study

For thousands of years floods have been used for a natural water cycle...

The Nile river in Egypt has been a source of life for over 5000 years. Through the times farmers have made good use of the floods. Although the flood is annual the actual timing and height of the flood is not constant. Houses where built up high to escape the majority of the flood.

They were built at least 500 meters from the banks of the river. This way they did not use up the land which could be used for
agriculture. To seperate each field, small walls of earth were built. This trapped the water in the basin like feild as it retreated. Small ditches were dug for drainage. In ancient times when the flood waters were low, modern inventions were made to lift the water onto the field for irrigation.

Now they use electrical pumps to irrigate. The floods not only provide the water for the feilds but carrys a new layer of silt with it. The silt settles on the groud and the flood waters retreat leaving the silt behind. The silt is a good nutrient for the soil that will help the next crop grow. This mainly occured in the lower reaches of the Delta.

In some areas of the Nile valley, flooding for agriculture is still used. Since the building of the Aswan High Dam, things have changed. The Dam was built to even out the flow of the Nile. Together with help of power-driven pumps, it was intended to expand the agricultural land along the Nile.

FLOODS Main Page