Common Grammar Mistakes 

(and how to avoid them)

• Situations
• Posession
• Common errors

  
Communication 
Planning to Write 
Proofreading
The 8 parts of speech
 

 
Tips for Perfect English 
A tongue-in-cheek guide 
Common mistakes and how to avoid them 

An apostrophe is used in two situations:
 

1. You are using a contraction — two words are squished together to make one. The apostrophe replaces the missing letters. 

For example: The apostrophe in don't (meaning do not) replaces the o in not.
2. You are showing possession — something belonging to someone. 

For example: Jane's cat = the cat of Jane.

Using apostrophes to show posession: 

If the singular does not end in s, add 's.
Example: The bike of John = John's bike.

If the singular ends in s, add ' or ‘s, depending on whether you want the extra sound.
Example: The pencil of the boss = the boss' pencil or the boss's pencil.

If the plural does not end in s, add 's.
Example: The bikes of the women = the women's bikes.

If the plural ends in s, add '.
Example: The bikes of the girls = the girls' bikes.
Never add the extra 's when the plural ends in s.

If something belongs to two or more people:
Alice and Jack's house, not Alice's and Jack's house.

If a word his hyphenated words (like in-laws):
Singular: brother-in-law's
Plural: brothers-in-law's

Some common errors using apostrophes:

You're vs. Your

The incorrect form is on the left, the correct form is on the right.

Is that you're coat? = Is that your coat?
You're means "you are" 

Your coming, right? = You're coming, right?
Your shows possession.

Tip: If you don't know what to do, at least try re-wording the sentence so that you don't need to use a contraction:
Does that coat belong to you?
Are you coming?
 

It's vs. Its

The incorrect form is on the left, the correct form is on the right.

The lion opened it's mouth  = The lion opened its mouth
The apostrophe in it's replaces the i from "is." It's means it is. "The lion opened it is mouth" is wrong!

Its a lovely day, isn't it? = It's a lovely day, isn't it?
Its shows posession. There is no posession in this sentence. You want to say "It is" so use "It's."

Tip: As long as you remember what the apostrophe in it's replaces, you'll get these right.

Their, there, and they're

Their is posessive. They washed their socks. It is plural. Never say Everyone washed their socks.
There shows a location. I saw him over there.
They're means they are. They're going to the park.

They're washing their socks over there.
 

Acronyms

An acronym is a word or group of letters made from the first letter of each word in a phrase. Example: SCUBA stands for "self-contained underwater breathing apparatus."

Do not use apostrophes for plural acronyms  Use apostrophes for posessive acronyms. 

Examples: 
How many URLs have you bookmarked? not How many URL's have you bookmarked?
Do you know that URL's page size? not Do you know that URLs page size?
 

Meanings 
Sometimes words that sound the same can be easily confused. When in doubt, consult your trusty dictionary. 

Some common mistakes to avoid:

Accident
Mishap

An accident can be a good thing or a bad thing.
A mishap is bad, but minor. A disaster is never a mishap.

Examples: 
I accidently bumped into Ted. He gave me back my lucky socks!
I had a mishap the other day — I spilled paint all over myself. What a mes!
There was a horrible accident in Toronto yesterday. Seven people were killed.
 

Alternate
Alternative

Alternate means one after the other or "an alternate" means a substitute.
Alternative means one or the other (a choice)

Examples: 
We'll alternate shifts tonight.
The alternate leader should arrive tomorrow.
We have an alternative: instead of buying the parts, we can rent them.
 

Between
Among

Between is used for two persons or objects
Among is used for more than two persons or objects

Examples: 
Between you and me, I quite like him.
He searched among the numerous boxes for something that would interest him.
 

Can
May

Can is used for an ability
May is used for a possibility, permission.

Examples: 
I can count to ten.
I may count to ten tomorrow if I feel like it.
Can I ride this bike or will it break under my weight?
May I ride this bike, please?

Disinterested
Uninterested

If you are disinterested, you are neutral; you don't care.
If you are uninterested, you are not interested.

Examples: 
Tom and Frank were having a heated article about their project, but Jack was disinterested.
"No, I'm afraid I'm uninterested. You'll have to try to sell that somewhere else."

Effect
Affect

Effect means to bring to pass, or a result
Affect means to influence or change

Examples: 
Jesse applied a little vanishing cream to May's face. The effect was startling.
Vanishing Cream can greatly affect your life.

Ascent
Accent

An ascent is a climb
An accent is a stress, or the way someone from another country speaks

Examples: 
He completed the ascent of Mt. Everest without even using oxygen!
Let's place the accent on customer service, okay?
Phillipe has quite a strong French accent.
 

Many
Much

Many means a number of things
Much means a large amount

Tip: Think of it this way: You can count many of something, even if it would take you forever, but you can never count much of something.

Examples: 
There aren't many marbles in this drawer
There are so many stars in the sky! (You can count the marbles and the stars)
There isn't much peanut butter left in the jar (you can't count the peanut butter).
 

Real
Really

Real is an adjective. It modifies nouns and pronouns.
Really is an adverb. Modifies verbs and adjectives.

Examples: 
Pete sings really well, not Pete sings real well.
I have some real gold, not I have some really gold.
 

Good
Well

Same as Real and Really: Good is an adjective, and Well is an adverb.

I'm doing good is incorrect (unless you mean something like "I'm doing good charity work -- a sentence with an object).
I'm doing well is correct, because "doing" is a verb, so you use an adverb.
 

Than
Then

Than is used for comparisons
Then is used with time: next.

Examples: 
My dog is better than your dog.
My dog went to the beach then he swam out to sea.
 

Eg. And i.e

E.g means Es grata, or for example.
I.e. means Id est, or that is.

Do not use i.e when you mean "for example."
 

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