How to solve the urban poverty problem
What have Chinese Goverment done?
At present, in China, as the result of the continued growth of population, the development of socio-economic bears serious constraints. With the shock of the strong market competition, and the imperfections of the income distribution system and the security system, the issue of urban poverty has become increasingly prominent. In order to resolve this issue better, the Chinese government worked out a series of the proper measures for anti-poverty:
－The establishment of old-age insurance system to guarantee the basic livelihood of citizens.
－ The establishment of the unemployment insurance system for the unemployed to provide a payment of unemployment protection.
－The offer of venture capital with small amounts to the poverty
－The establishment of universal health protection system for the poor to provide medical assistance.
－The establishment of minimum living security system for the poor in urban and rural.
From the current measures taken, we believe that the Chinese government has been achieved in resolving the issue of urban poverty, but has not really completely. For example, in China, the gap of the income between the rich and the poor is still expanding more obviously. For the poor living conditions (housing, medical care, education, etc.), there is no substantial change, and so on. In other words, China's current social security system in relation to the requirements of construction of the socio-economic development there are still a considerable degree of hysteresis. Therefore, our country’s efforts in addressing the issue of urban poverty is needed.
What have Indonesian Goverment done?
The steps that have been adopted by the Indonesian government to end hunger are:
- Provide subsidies on sembako so that poor people can still buy the daily needs
- Employment opening
- The BLT program (Direct Cash Assistance)
- Provide soft loan assistance to SMEs (Small Business)
- A decrease in bank interest rates
I think, the business conducted by the Indonesian government has been quite good, but in its implementation is still lacking. Levels of poverty and hunger in Indonesia are high, but, it still can be utilized with the work of empty land and the ability to provide urban community located in urban areas until they can do their own business so that the level of poverty can be maximum. Automatically if the level of poverty is pressed, the level of being able kelaparanpun akan akan hunger and resolved.
What have American Goverment done?
For more information about how to solve urban poverty problem, I refer to some files regarding to the social security of America. Here are the findings:
Since 1965, America has set up social security system that is mainly composed by two parts: social insurance and public assistance as well as welfare. There are 5 types of American social insurance, namely endowment insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance, disability insurance and survivors' insurance. Public assistance and welfare is designed to help low income families maintain the minimum standard of living and enjoy some social welfare rights.
In the past 40 years, American government imposed series of welfare policy reform that mainly concerns two aspects:
1. To advocate self-sustained “job welfare” and reduce welfare dependency;
2. To optimize family structure, strengthen healthy marriage and lower unmarried kids number.
By referring above data, I thought the poverty relief measures carried out by developed countries is more rational and considerate by comparing with developing countries. When the developed countries have formed poverty relief into social welfare policies, lots of developing countries are dwelling on searching better solution for this problem.
What have U.K. Goverment done?
Our survey showed poverty is an unavoidable problem to develop or developing country. U.K. is a representative example in poverty relief history and we could draw some of their experience of social relief measure.
As long ago as 1536, the issuing of The Henry Poor Law marked that U.K. government had decided to take the responsibility of solving poverty problem. The Elizabeth Poor Law which is the earliest national poverty relief system in Europe enacted in 1601 formally clarified government’s responsibility to relieve people living in poverty and laid the foundation of modern social relief system.
1n 1948, U.K. government enacted National Relief Law upgraded government’s poverty relief responsibility such as setup of dedicated relief unit by government, allocating exclusive fund for poverty relief from budget, strict examination on poverty relief applicant to secure limited resource could be used on the right one, etc.
Citations
What have Chinese Goverment done?
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4da4ba490100ajh6.html
http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/200610/09/t20061009_8874737.shtm
http://cn.blurtit.com/q593324.html
http://news.china.com/zh_cn/ br />
What have American Goverment done?
http://insurance.cnfol.com/060309/135,1518,1727124,03.shtml br />
What have British Goverment done?
http://www.studa.net/jingji/081014/11160860.html br />
http://www.dibao.org/Content.aspx?lid=1106&type=yj02 br />