Anti-Semitism has been around for thousands of years. Judaism, being the first monotheistic religion has always faced persecution. Even in ancient times Jews were mistreated. In Ancient Egypt, Jews were put to work to build the pyramids. Both the Ancient Romans and Greeks conquer the nation of “Judea,” or present day Israel. The city of Jerusalem itself has been captured dozens of times. Jews have always been a minority are have been expelled from many countries such as England, France, Spain and Portugal. The Crusades were particularly devastating for the Jews because entire villages were burned and destroyed. One incorrect assumption that many people make is that Jews have a long history of fighting with Muslims. While Arabs did control Jerusalem in the 17th century, they did not persecute the Jews like other conquers. However, Jewish- Muslim relations did take a turn for the worst because of the Zionist movement in the early twentieth century. When Israel was founded in 1948, five Ahab countries attacked the newly founded state, and violence has continued. The most deadly example of Anti-Semitism was the Holocaust. German Jews were integrated into German society but Anti-Semitic propaganda run by the Nazis used Jews as a scapegoat for political problems. The result was the mass murder of six million Jews and millions of other people of various cultures. There are only 12 to 18 million Jews out of the world population in the billions so Jews will continue to be a minority. Cultural understanding and tolerance is paramount for peaceful coexistence.