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Materials that output electricity from radiation could mean the future, in regards to space travel. Currently, electricity from nuclear power stations is drawn directly from steam turbines. The turbines are large, cumbersome, inefficient, and unreliable. In the 1960’s the US and USSR began to build power units that draw electricity directly from nuclear radiation. The absence of steam turbines and engines makes the systems much smaller. The downside is that the thermoelectric materials used are extremely inefficient, as they draw electricity only from heat. Now, researchers claim to have developed materials that draw electricity directly from radiation. Supposedly, the materials are 20 times more efficient than current thermoelectric materials. They are testing using lithium hydride surrounded by gold, where the radioactive particles bombard the gold, releasing many electrons. They could also be used in current nuclear power plants, instead of steam turbines. The devices could be used to power land vehicles and aircraft. This is a major advancement in the Nuclear industry; however, it will take years before it will be perfected. It is estimated that the final designs will be ready in about a decade.