Glossary

A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V Y

A

Absorbed: Receive (an impulse) without echo or recoil. Retain (radiation or sound, for example) wholly, without reflection or transmission.
Accessible: That can be easily used, entered, reached.
Acidified: To make something to turn into an acid.
Acuteness: Sensitivity to details.
Adequate: Fully sufficient.
Adverse: Not favourable.
Arsenic: A grayish-white element which vapourizes when heated, forming poisonous compounds.
Arthritis: Inflammation of a joint which causes sharp pain.
Air pollution : Contamination of air by smoke and harmful gases, mainly oxides of carbon, sulphur, and nitrogen.
Arthropod : Animals with an exoskeleton made of chitin and a segmented body with pairs of joined appendages. Includes insects,crustaceans, arachnids, myriapods, and extinct trilobites, and are the largest phylum in the animal kingdom.
Aspirin: Used to relieve the pain of headache, rheumatism, gout, neuralgia.
Anaerobic: The absence of air or free oxygen.
Anopheles: A type of mosquito that can cause malaria.
Attenuate: Weaken or reduce in force, intensity, effect, quantity, or value.
Autoclave: An airtight steel vessel used to heat substances under very high pressures. Autoclaves are used in laboratory experiments and for sterilization.

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B

Barren: Lacking vegetation, bare.
Barrier: Anything that restrains or obstructs progress, access.
Benzene: Colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds.
Biodegradable: Can be decomposed by biological agents, especially bacteria.
Biodiversity: Diversity between plant and animals in an environment.,br> Body Art : An artistic practice or style of the 1960s and 1970s developing from conceptual art and performance art and utilizing the artist's body as both the subject and object in such experimentation as decoration, wax casts, and even mutilation.

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C

Cadmium: A white, ductile element which is used to make alloys and plating.Mbr> Cataracts: Something which causes impairment of sight or blindness.
Cardiovascular: Affecting the heart and blood vessels.
Carpool: An arrangement among a group of automobile owners by which each owner take turns to drive the others or their children to and from a designated place.
Campaign: Engaging in an operation planned to achieve a certain goal.
Cholera: An infectious disease which consists of serious diarrhea, vomitting and cramps.
Compel: To force.
Composting: Mixture of decaying organic matter, as from leaves and manure, used to improve soil structure and provide nutrients.
Convulsions: Involuntary muscle contractions.
Climate Change : Any long-term significant change in the weather patterns of an area; also used figuratively.
Cyanide: A salt of hydrocyanic acid.

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D

Decompose: To be broken down into components; disintegrate.
Defecation: Elimination of fecal waste through the anus.
Deforestation: The removal of trees in a large scale.
Dengue Fever: An infectious disease of the tropics transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by rash and aching head and joints.
Diarrhea: Excessive and frequent evacuation of watery feces, usually a symptom of a gastrointestinal disorder. Severe, prolonged diarrhea can lead to dehydration.
Disorientation: One losing his/her sense of direction, position or relationship with his/her surrounding.
Dysentery: An infectious disease marked by inflammation and ulceration of the lower part of the bowels, including diarrhea that can become mucous and hemorrhagic.
Dyspnea: Difficult breathing.

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E

Earmuffs: Ear coverings often attached to an adjustable headband and worn to protect the ears especially against the cold.
Economy: The realized system of human activities related to the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area.
Ecosystem: A community of organisms living together in the same
physical environment with alike characteristics for survival.
Efficient: Working in the most time consuming and effortless way.
Emulsion: A suspension of small globules of one liquid in a second liquid with which will not mix with the first
Endocrinal: Secreting into the blood.
Environment: All of the biotic and abiotic factors that act on an organism, population, or ecological community and influence its survival and development. Biotic factors include the organisms themselves, their food, and their interactions.
Epidemics: Spreading rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals at the same time.
Erode: Slowly destroyed and broken down.
Eutrophication: Excess nutrients from surface runoff of nutrients like fertilizers, in bodies of water.

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F

Fatigue: Weariness from bodily or mental exertion.
Filters: Device containing such a material, especially one used to extract impurities from air or water.
Fisheries: A place where people catch fish or other aquatic animals.
Fledglings: A young bird that has recently grew wings.
Food safety: A scientific discipline describing the handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent food borne illness.
Formaldehyde: Colorless gas having a sharp, suffocating odor. It is used in making plastics and, when dissolved in a solution of water and methanol, to preserve biological specimens.
Fossil fuels: Non-renewable resources: coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

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G

Gauge: Determine the exact dimensions, capacity, quantity, or force of; measure.
Globalization: Growth to a global or worldwide scale
Global Warming: Increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere, especially a sustained increase sufficient to cause climatic change.
Grastrointestinal: Affecting the stomach and intestines.
Greenhouse Effect: The phenomenon whereby the earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation, caused by the presence of gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane that allow incoming sunlight to pass through but absorb heat radiated back from the earth's surface.
Groundwater: Water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of lithologic formations.

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H

Hazards: Exposure to danger or harm.
Hazardous Materials: Any solid, liquid, or gas that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. It may be radioactive, flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, biohazardous, an oxidizer, an asphyxiant, a pathogen, an allergen, or may have other characteristics that render it dangerous in specific circumstances.
Hectares: A metric unit of area.
Herbicides: Chemical substances used to destroy or inhibit the growth of plants, especially weeds.
Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver.
Housing: Buildings or other shelters in which people live
Hygiene: The science concerned with the prevention of illness and maintenance of health
Hypersensitive: Excessive sensitivity

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I

Incineration: Burn or reduce to ashes; cremate.
Industrialization: The development of industries on an extensive scale.
Intervention: Act or fact of intervening, coming across, occur between two things.
Intoxication: To be poisoned.
Immune system: The integrated body system of organs, tissues, cells, and cell products such as antibodies that differentiates self from nonself and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.
Incinerated: To burn to ashes, or cause something to burn to ashes, especially in an incinerator; cremate.
Industrialization: The development of industry on an extensive scale.
Inorganic: Not having the structure or organization characteristic of living organisms.

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L

Larvicides: Insecticides designed to kill larval pests.
Laundering: The washing of clothes and bed linens.
Land Use Planning: A branch of public policy which encompasses various disciplines which seek to order and regulate the use of land in an efficient and ethical way.
Lead: A heavy, comparatively soft, malleable, bluish-gray metal, sometimes found in its natural state but usually combined as a sulfide.
Leachate: The liquid that drains or 'leaches' from a landfill. It can usually contain both dissolved and suspended material.
Lead-poisoning: Acute or chronic poisoning by lead or any of its salts.
Longevity: Having a long life; great duration of life. Lubrication: Condition of having been made smooth or slippery by the application of a lubricant 2. an application of a lubricant to something

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M

Malaria: An infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever.
Malnutrition: Do not have proper nutrition.
Melano: Skin tumors characterized by the malignant growth of melanocytes.
Methane: A colourless, odourless gas that is flammable.
Microbe: A micro-organism.

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N

Nausea: A feeling of sickness in the stomach characterized by an urge to vomit.
Neurological : Study of the nerves and nervous system.
Nitrogen oxide: Can be found in car exhausts. it is usually formed when nitric acid acts on oxidizable materials.
Non-biodegradable: Cannot be decomposed by biological agents.

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O

Obesity: The condition of being obese; increased body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat.
Oil slicks: Floating film of oil. Organic: Characteristic of, pertaining to, or derived from any living organisms.
Osteoporosis: A disorder in which the bones become porous and brittle, resulting in bones deforming, height shrinking and pain.

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P

Pathogens: Agents that cause disease, especially living microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi.
Percipitation: Falling product of condensation in the atmosphere, as rain, snow, or hail.
Perishable: Subjected to decay, ruin, or destruction
Pesticides: Chemicals used to kill harmful animals.
Phenomenon: Fact, occurrence, or circumstance observed or observable.
Photochemical: Produced by the effects of light on chemical systems.
Photosensitive: Sensitive to light.
Photosynthesis: The process of manufacturing food in plants with carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts, in the presence of sunlight with the help of chlorophyll and associated pigments.
Phytoplankton: Plants and plantlike organisms.
Plague: Any of various highly infectious, usually fatal epidemic diseases.
Population: The the people living in a particular country, area etc.
Poverty: The state of being poor; lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts.
Profusion: In abundance; great amount.
Protozoan: Single-celled, usually microscopic, eukaryotic organisms, such as amoebas, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans.

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R

Radiated: Extened, spread, or move like rays or radii from a center.
Refracted: Deflect (light, for example) from a straight path by refraction.
Remediation: Act or process of correcting a fault or deficiency.
Rodents: Mammals of the order Rodentia, such as a mouse, rat, squirrel, or beaver, characterized by large incisors adapted for gnawing or nibbling.

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S

Sanitation: Formulation and application of measures designed to protect public health.
Shurbs: A woody plant of relatively low height, having several stems arising from the base without a single trunk; a bush.
Silencers: Something that silences, especially a device attached to the muzzle of a firearm to muffle the sound of firing.
Sludge: The residual semi-solid material left from industrial, water treatment, or wastewater treatment processes.
Smog: A form of air pollution produced by the photochemical reaction of sunlight with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides that have been released into the atmosphere, especially by automotive emissions.
Sinkholes: A natural depression formed in which waste or drainage collects.
Solution: The homogeneous, molecular mixture of two or more substances.
Sterilization: The procedure of destroying all microorganisms in a given environment, such as a surgical instrument, using heat, radiation, or chemical agents, in order to prevent the spread of infection.
Sulphur dioxie: Colorless, extremely irritating gas or liquid, used in many industrial processes, especially the manufacture of sulphuric acid.
Susceptible: Especially sensitive, likely to be affected with a disease, infection, or condition.
Suspension: The state in which undissolved particles of a substance are mixed with a fluid.
Symptom: A subjective indication of a disorder or disease, such as pain, nausea or weakness. Symptoms may be accompanied by objective signs of disease such as abnormal laboratory test results or findings during a physical examination.
Synthetic: Not genuine or man-made.

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T

Tattoo: The act or practice of marking the skin with indelible patterns, pictures, legends, etc., by making punctures in it and inserting pigments.
Toxin: A poisonous substance, especially a protein, that is produced by living cells or organisms and is capable of causing disease when introduced into the body tissues but is often also capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins.
Transmission: Act or process of spreading.
Typhus: Any of several forms of infectious disease caused by Rickettsia, especially those transmitted by fleas, lice, or mites.
Typhiod: An infectious, often fatal, febrile disease, usually occurring in the summer months, characterized by intestinal inflammation and ulceration, caused by the typhoid bacillus, which is usually introduced with food or drink.

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U

Urbanization: The process by which cities grow or by which societies become more city-orientated.

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V

Vaccinated: Rendered unsusceptible to a disease.
Vast: To a great extent or a very large number
Vector: An organism, such as a mosquito or tick, that carries disease-causing microorganisms from one host to another.
Ventilation: Replacement of stale or noxious air with fresh air. Mechanical system or equipment used to circulate air or to replace stale air with fresh air.
Vents: Opening permitting the escape of fumes, a liquid, a gas, or steam.
Vertebrate: Having backbone.
Viruses: Any of various simple submicroscopic parasites of plants, animals, and bacteria that often cause disease and that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DN

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Y

Yellow Fever: An infectious tropical disease caused by an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the genera

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