Change In EEG Pattern

 INTRODUCTION
A mobile phone is a low power, single channel, two way radio. While talking with a mobile phone to a nearby base station, phone cell goes into the regular landline phone system. Actually mobile phones and their base stations antenna produce radio-frequency radiation , which are non-ionizing and its biological effects are fundamentally different from the ionizing radiation produced by X-ray machines.

The interaction of the biological material with an EM source depends on the frequency of the source , for example cellular phones operate between about 800 MHz and 2200 MHz. Now a days, there will be 1.3-billion cell phone user by 2005, according to Deutsche bank forecast. Therefore we have taken as a particular interest of the study of the effect of mobile phone on human brain and accordingly their any activity changes or physiological changes or behavioral changes etc. with the help of brain waves.

The EEG is one of them has been employed to measure neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex and thalamus of the brain . A report that RF from mobile phones affects EEG but not memory or reaction. The fast brain wave study at 40 Hz, known as gamma band presented by the university of Bermingham. Gamma rhythms seems to be associated with higher mental activity including perception and consciousness .

Here aim of our study is to investigate the radiation effect of mobile phone on the human brain through EEG testing. Observations were taken with the phone on and off for different time and observed the radiation effect in terms of the brain waves i. e. alpha, theta, beta and delta, which are responsible for special brain activity.

 Brain waves or EEG

[EEG recording ]Src

The German psychiatrist Hans Berger discovered that the human brain has a continuous electrical activity and it can be recorded with the help of electroencephalogram (EEG). However this record depends upon the behaviour of the animal, particular with the level of vigilance like alertness, rest sleep etc. which is the visible evidence of the kind of neuronal (Brain cells) processing necessary for that behaviour. On the basis of human /animal activity and behaviour, there are four types of brain waves ranging from high amplitude & low frequencies implies most activity to low amplitude & higher frequency implies least activity. These are described in concise as follows –

Research has shown that although one brain wave state may predominate at any given time, depending on the activity level of individual, the remaining three brain state are present in the mix of brain waves at all times.

One another wave is the gamma waves, frequency ranges above 40 Hz. This is hyper psychological state, appears in state of anxiety, hyperactivity, tension and during time of physical high performance. Mentally ill person like Schizophrenics and people suffering from multiple personality, disorders also show an increased electrical brain activity in the gamma range. This range has not been researched enough yet, and many scientists considered it a part of beta waves.

EEG recording techniques –

[EEG recording of one person's brain waves]Src

In the EEG method, electrodes pasted by an electricity conducting gel to the surface of the skull’s skin (Scalp). Then amplifier amplifies the weak signal. Galvanometer having a ink-pen attached to its pointer, writes on the surface of a paper strip, which moves continuously at a fixed spaced past it. EEG shows a blend of several electrical frequencies, so the EEG pattern changes with frequency and amplitudes of wave changes and labeled it with alpha, beta, theta and delta waves. Particular mental tasks also alter the pattern of the waves in different parts of the brain.
EEG techniques are used in neurology and psychiatry to diagnose the diseases of the brain such as epilepsy, sleep disorders and brain tumors. It is useful even when tumors are not visible in a X-ray or CT scan of the head.

Change In EEG Pattern –

As mentioned above in the experimental technique, we have taken the EEG report without mobile and then with mobile [each for five minutes] for 3 young age group persons. The common results are given here. As we know that the human brain is divided into Left and Right part of hemisphere and each hemisphere is again divided into Frontal, Parietal, occipital and temporal lobes

Effect on Left part of hemisphere-

δ- Waves [yellow band] -

Frontal region – Amplitude decreases and frequency increases

Temporal region- Amplitude decreases and frequency decreases
Central region- Amplitude decreases and frequency remains same

Parietal region- Amplitude decreases and frequency remains same
Occipital region- Amplitude remains same frequency no change

θ-Waves [Red band]-

Frontal region – No change in Amplitude and frequency increases
Temporal region- No change in Amplitude and frequency increases
Central region- Amplitude decreases and frequency increases
Parietal region- Frequency increases
Occipital region- Frequency increases

α-Waves [cyan band]-

Frontal region- Amplitude and Frequency increases
Temporal region- Amplitude and Frequency decreases
Central region- Amplitude decreases and Frequency increases
Parietal region- Frequency increases
Occipital region- Amplitude increases

β Waves [Blue band] -

Frontal region - Frequency increases and Amplitude remains same
Temporal region- Frequency increases
Central region- Amplitude increases
Parietal region- Amplitude and Frequency increases
Occipital region- Amplitude and Frequency increases

From the above result it is found that, almost all regions having with increase in Frequency and decrease in Amplitude, while talking mobile which, leads to activity sign. Further we know that b- Waves are mostly come from the Parietal and Frontal region of scalp, which gets affected as above observation.

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