Government Systems and Political Ideologies

People's Republic of China

Introduction

China is the most populated country in the world, more than 20 percent of the world’s population live here. 56 different races live in the third largest country in the world. With a history of more than six centuries, China has been well known for the Four Great Invention of Ancient China. After the fall of Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen was founded. Then the Civil war between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party broke out, however it was disturbed y the Japanese Invasion which led to the collaboration of the two parties. After winning the war against the Japanese, the Civil War in China continued. The war ended 4 years later with the Chinese Communist Party winning the war. And the People’s Republic of China was established on 1st of October, 1949.

Structure of Government

China is governed by a communist party, the Chinese Communist Party. Hence, China is known as a communist state, however there are also eight other minor political parties working together with the Chinese Communist Party. The term of office for the posts is five years and it can only be served for two consecutive terms. The highest organ in China is the National People’s Congress, which can have the rights to make decisions and choose the President, Vice President of People’s republic of China, as well as the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate.

The Congress is elected from every provinces and autonomous regions, this is also known as democratic centralism. Once the President is elected, he will nominate the Premier, and the Premier will nominate the members of the State Council, and the posts will be reviewed by the congress in order to hold their positions.In the National People’s Congress, there is another committee called the Standing Committee comprising of the Chairman, Vice Chairpersons and the Secretary-General, which are elected by the congress.

The State Council comprises of the Premier, Vice Premiers, State Councilors and the Ministers, the State Council can carry out economic management and other powers granted by the Congress. The post of President can only be removed upon the decision of the National People’s Congress, and the posts of Premier and the Ministers can be removed by the President.

Level of development

During the first few years after 1949, the percentage of population living in urban areas increased gradually. Although the Great Leap Forward has caused a dramatic increase of urban population, it had caused widespread famine and shortage of food. Fortunately, after the economy reform in the late 1970s, China has adopted a new policy of capitalist structure of economy thus increasing the living standards. This has also caused dramatic changes in the country and more people are getting richer. Economy reform would mean opening up market to foreign investors and this is known as “Socialism with China characteristic”.

Before the economic reform, more than half of the population are considered poor, the reform has lowered the percentage of poverty rate to 8%. The major sectors in China are agriculture and technology, being the largest rice export country in the world, agriculture played an important in China’s economy. Unlike the technology sector in China, agriculture can be affected by natural disasters which will cause a decrease in production, this can caused a major gap between the rural and the urban area, hence widening the gap between the rich and the poor.

Currently, China is ranked 81 out of 177 countries in Human Development Index done by the United Nations. The living standards of living has increased remarkably noted by the fact that almost the whole population has enough food. Now in ordinary Chinese families, modern furniture and appliances can be seen, which best shows modernization in China.

Will political structure of China work in other countries?

China has a rather different political structure compared to Soviet Union or other communist states, Chinese has adopted a free-market strategy unlike the communist form of economic in the Marxism-Leninism Theory. Having lesser state-owned enterprises and encouraged foreign investment has helped to raise living standards in China. And China has allowed other minor parties members to be in the National People’s Congress. “Socialism with China characteristic”, might work in poor countries in Africa which can help to generate more incomes for the population, and gradually make the country richer.

However, the political structure of China might not work in European countries, North America and other highly developed countries. This is because the political structure still lacks freedom of the people which countries which are more advanced would not like. The party control over the state is rather tight when comparing itself to the democratic countries.

References

China's Political System - china.org.cn. (n.d.). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://www.china.org.cn/english/Political/25060.htm .

Economy of the People's Republic of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2008, March 24). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.

Gov.cn: The Chinese Central Government's Official Web Portal. (2006). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://english.gov.cn/ .

Social structure of China: Information and Much More from Answers.com. (2008). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://www.answers.com/topic/social-structure-of-china?nr=1&lsc=true .

Standard of living in the People's Republic of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2008, March 20). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.

	People's Republic of China Introduction China is the most populated country in the world, more than 20 percent of the world’s population live here. 56 different races live in the third largest country in the world. With a history of more than six centuries, China has been well known for the Four Great Invention of Ancient China. After the fall of Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen was founded. Then the Civil war between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party broke out, however it was disturbed y the Japanese Invasion which led to the collaboration of the two parties. After winning the war against the Japanese, the Civil War in China continued. The war ended 4 years later with the Chinese Communist Party winning the war. And the People’s Republic of China was established on 1st of October, 1949. Structure of Government China is governed by a communist party, the Chinese Communist Party. Hence, China is known as a communist state, however there are also eight other minor political parties working together with the Chinese Communist Party. The term of office for the posts is five years and it can only be served for two consecutive terms. The highest organ in China is the National People’s Congress, which can have the rights to make decisions and choose the President, Vice President of People’s republic of China, as well as the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate. The Congress is elected from every provinces and autonomous regions, this is also known as democratic centralism. Once the President is elected, he will nominate the Premier, and the Premier will nominate the members of the State Council, and the posts will be reviewed by the congress in order to hold their positions.In the National People’s Congress, there is another committee called the Standing Committee comprising of the Chairman, Vice Chairpersons and the Secretary-General, which are elected by the congress. The State Council comprises of the Premier, Vice Premiers, State Councilors and the Ministers, the State Council can carry out economic management and other powers granted by the Congress. The post of President can only be removed upon the decision of the National People’s Congress, and the posts of Premier and the Ministers can be removed by the President. Level of development During the first few years after 1949, the percentage of population living in urban areas increased gradually. Although the Great Leap Forward has caused a dramatic increase of urban population, it had caused widespread famine and shortage of food. Fortunately, after the economy reform in the late 1970s, China has adopted a new policy of capitalist structure of economy thus increasing the living standards. This has also caused dramatic changes in the country and more people are getting richer. Economy reform would mean opening up market to foreign investors and this is known as “Socialism with China characteristic”. Before the economic reform, more than half of the population are considered poor, the reform has lowered the percentage of poverty rate to 8%. The major sectors in China are agriculture and technology, being the largest rice export country in the world, agriculture played an important in China’s economy. Unlike the technology sector in China, agriculture can be affected by natural disasters which will cause a decrease in production, this can caused a major gap between the rural and the urban area, hence widening the gap between the rich and the poor. Currently, China is ranked 81 out of 177 countries in Human Development Index done by the United Nations. The living standards of living has increased remarkably noted by the fact that almost the whole population has enough food. Now in ordinary Chinese families, modern furniture and appliances can be seen, which best shows modernization in China. Will political structure of China work in other countries? China has a rather different political structure compared to Soviet Union or other communist states, Chinese has adopted a free-market strategy unlike the communist form of economic in the Marxism-Leninism Theory. Having lesser state-owned enterprises and encouraged foreign investment has helped to raise living standards in China. And China has allowed other minor parties members to be in the National People’s Congress. “Socialism with China characteristic”, might work in poor countries in Africa which can help to generate more incomes for the population, and gradually make the country richer. However, the political structure of China might not work in European countries, North America and other highly developed countries. This is because the political structure still lacks freedom of the people which countries which are more advanced would not like. The party control over the state is rather tight when comparing itself to the democratic countries. References China's Political System - china.org.cn. (n.d.). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://www.china.org.cn/english/Political/25060.htm . Economy of the People's Republic of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2008, March 24). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China. Gov.cn: The Chinese Central Government's Official Web Portal. (2006). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://english.gov.cn/ . Social structure of China: Information and Much More from Answers.com. (2008). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://www.answers.com/topic/social-structure-of-china?nr=1&lsc=true . Standard of living in the People's Republic of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2008, March 20). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.
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A to Z government systems A system where a Government is unnecessary and undesirable whichmeans that everything is based on voluntary cooperation by individuals and groups A system where a Government is unnecessary and undesirable which means that everything is based on voluntary cooperation by individuals and groups One person who has absolute rule over a country or a state and is usually hereditary or they claim as being given divine right with or without advisors. A system combining Anarchism and capitalism A system where there is no State or capitalism A system combing Anarchism and savagery where savagery means acceptance comes easily. A system where there are no hierarchies such as political or economic hierarchies. A system where labour is emphasized and thus it has trade unions that replace the State A system where there is more democratic decision-making A government with only a few people who are thought to be best qualified. A system where the people vote on the legislation and executive bills instead of electing leaders to do it for them. A concentration of power in a leader who is not constitutionally responsible to the people A one person government. A system that is ruled by enlightened monarchs. A system that is suitable for Islams as this system represents the political unity of the Muslims A system that combines republic and capitalism together. A system where the health of the community is the first priority A system where there is no such thing as a private property because the goods are owned by the government and is available to anyone if needed A system where many opinions are taken into consideration before making decisions The system of Constitutional Monarchy has a Head of State that does not change as the governments change and a Government. Only the elected Officials can pass laws, the Head of State acts as an advisor to the Officials. Leaders are elected by the people but the leaders have a limited power over the people and must go according to constitutional laws A system where there are civic assemblies which represents the country's economic, social, industry and cultural aspects A system where the making of laws must arise from the public if not the law cannot be approved. A system where there is democratic representations in a country without the use of elections. A democratic republic is a country where there is freedom of speech, election and press. A system where two rulers have equal shared absolute power over the country Government organization or group in with unlimited power A true democratic system where the people elect their leaders System where ruler with absolute power over the country. A system similar to that of tyranny where all is controlled by one man. A system ruled by dukes or duchesses A system combining Anarchism but with saving the environment as their first priority. A monarchy whose ruler is elected by the people. A monarchy that is Arab-suited A system that concentrates on the society's welfare as a whole and thus seeks patriotism. A system used by the medieval age where warriors and nobility rule. A system where the oldest are the leaders A system ruled by grand dukes or grand duchesses A system where the power lies with the loser level of government such as the name suggests, grassroots A system for the Jews because non-Jews would not be granted full citizenship. A monarchy where the kingship is passed to the sons when the father dies. A system with the Pope as its leader. A system where the people elect their leaders but the leaders have the freedom to do what they want. A system combining democracy with a religion, Islam A name that is given to many Muslim countries Government by those who want power and personal gain. A system where judges rule and rules by natural rights A system where judges rule but based on the judges opinions A system where the people elect the leaders to make decisions for them. A system which emphasizes on liberty, freedom for the people. A system where absolute power is given to magicians and wizards A government where females rule. Government by those with talent. A system where military force is used to establish freedom and liberty. A military-based government that has absolute rule over the country A system combining oligarchy, democracy and monarchy. A democratic system where there are no government parties. A small group which makes up the government which is usually corrupted and do things for their own sake. Government by the majority. A system where the people are allowed to coose whatever government system they want. A system similar to the parliamentary system except that the head of state does not have that much power. A system where the parliament checks on the executive branch of the government A system where voting is limited and where politicians take care of the governing of the country A system where the people vote on the legislation and executive bills instead of electing leaders to do it for them. Timocracy, Government controlled by the rich. A state where government uses police by means to control the life of the citizens. A monarchy where the monarch's title is linked to the people. A system where the executive branch is independent of the legislative branch. A monarchy where the monarch's title is prince A system combining democracy and religion A system where the government is elected by the people and the government has the responsibility in acting in people's interest. A system where there is restricted democracy A system where robots rule One person who proclaims himself as king which would usually lead to hereditary monarchy. A system similar to that of a presidential system except for the fact that the president and prime minister gets involved in everyday decision-making. A system where there is only 1 government party running the country and no other party is allowed to enter for elections. A system combining socialism and democracy A system that emphasizes on socialism that also has aspects of free market in its economy. A democratic system where workers are represented in government too. A system where the rulers are those highly-skilled and qualified. Maritime (relating to navigation or commerce on the sea) government Government of a state by divine rule, usually by people who are guided by the deities Government of a state by God. A democratic system where the leader is elected but has absolute rule. Absolute state which the people must follow orders from. Tribalism existed during the time of primitive men. Thus, it has a sense of primitive in it. However, it also emphasizes on communism and equality. A government ruled by an oppressive and severely unjust ruler. A system with administrative divisions governed by a person who is governed by the viceroy. A system combining democracy and parliamentary system which is somewhat similar to the United nations is adopting Auto: Manual: Drag Me