MRSA has transformed from a moderately rare disease to what some physicians believe is an epidemic that threatens to plunge the human race into a cesspit of bacterial resistance. The average, healthy human can no longer stay immune to this crippling bacterium because CA-MRSA lurks around every corner. There has been documentation of MRSA infections on every continent, excluding Antarctica. From the healthiest human to those who possess immune deficiencies, MRSA is a danger that we are constantly exposed to, a danger that can strike anyone, anytime, anywhere.


"A search of the MEDLINE database was performed, encompassing all English or French language citations from 1966 to 1999. MRSA has emerged over the past 30 years to become a worldwide nosocomial pathogen and has recently been reported as a cause of community-acquired infections. MRSA strains are now endemic in certain communities in different parts of the world", according to Gardam from Division of Infectious Disease in University of Toronto.


Europe has many struggles with MRSA, which began to rise in southern Stockholm in 2000. Interestingly, different clones of MRSA were causing the epidemic. Most of these nosocomial clones were resistant to more than one antibiotic. By contrast, the community-acquired clones of MRSA were usually not, but possessed the PVL toxin. MRSA was also observed in Geneva, Switzerland. "PVL-producing CA-MRSA was first reported in 2002." Aramburu et al. felt that CA-MRSA was an emerging issue. In the Netherlands, those who were exposed to pigs or veal were found to be at a high risk of getting MRSA. Amphia Hospital in Netherlands, 32% of patients in this risk group were shown to carry MRSA.


"Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, especially MRSA, continues to be a problem for clinicians," and Africa is no exception. A study was made to find out how prevalent MRSA was in eight different hospitals in Africa from 1996-1997. MRSA was found within 15% of 1440 isolates. In the countries of Nigeria, Kenya, and Cameroon, antibiotic resistance was common and high (21-30%). However, resistance levels were <10% in Tunisia, Malta, and Algeria. Another study found that 26% of isolates were confirmed as MRSA.


Asia has its own troubles with the "Superbug". According to a study published in an Indian Medical Journal, "MRSA prevalence increased from 12% in 1992 to 80.83% in 1999." MRSA prevalence in India used to be as low as 6.9% in the 1980s but quickly shot up to much higher percentages. In China, MRSA was present in 27.55% of Staph aureus infections. "Multi-drug resistance of bacteria is a serious problem in China." Japan, Taiwan, and Saudi Arabia are a few other examples of countries that suffer from the increasingly severe issue of bacterial resistance, especially MRSA.


In Australia, MRSA is an emerging and debilitating bacterium. "The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance studied the epidemiology and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in selected Australian hospitals in 2005-2006." MRSA was responsible for 24% of Staphylococcus infections. CA-MRSA was behind 7% of Staph infections , which "attests to the growing size of this problem in Australia". PVL toxins are also starting to pose a problem. A retrospective review was undertaken in 17 hospitals in Australia. The estimate was that 6900 cases of Staph infections occur each year. "This is an emerging infectious disease concern".


North America is one of many continents that are constantly devastated by MRSA. According to a landmark study on 8987 observed cases of MRSA and 1598 in-hospital deaths among patients with MRSA, we estimate that 94,360 invasive MRSA infections occurred in the United States in 2005; these infections were associated with death in 18,650 cases. This study shows the serious nature of MRSA infections. "It is a major public health problem primarily related to health care but no longer confined to any health care institution."


South America too is affected by the rapidly spreading issue of MRSA. MRSA has made an impact in the country of Brazil. In a hospital in Bahia, Brazil, a study was conducted to evaluate the temporal evolution of MRSA infections. From 1996 to 2004, seven hundred ten cultures were tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Of these, 28% were a clone of MRSA. In addition, "The frequency of MRSA isolated from nasal swabs of newborns was 47.8%" in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.