CAUSES Tetanus is caused by a bacteria called Clostridium tetanus that is found in dust, soil and manure. The bacteria are found all over the world.

SPREAD Once a person is infected with the tetanus, the bacteria produces a neurotoxin which is like a poison to the person's nerves. The toxin (poison) travels all over the body in the infected person's blood. This toxin is called tetanospasmin and it causes muscle spasms in the body. Spasms are uncontrolled contractions of the muscles. Usually the spasms begin in the jaw which make it difficult for the person to swallow. That is the reason why tetanus is also called "Lockjaw". If tetanus is not treated, it can cause death.

PREVENTION There is a vaccine available which is very effective. If you are not immunized and get injured, there is a shot available which can be taken after the injury to prevent tetanus. Since tetanus bacteria is present in soil and dust, any skin wound should be washed very thoroughly. As adults, the tetanus vaccine has to be repeated every 10 years.

TREATMENT If a child develops tetanus, he or she will have to be treated in a hospital with antibiotics. The child will also have to take medicines to control the spasms.