spinal injuries

Spinal cord trauma is damage to the spinal cord. It may result from direct
injury to the cord itself or indirectly from damage to surrounding bones,
soft tissues, and blood vessels. Spinal cord injuries can be caused by many things such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries (particularly diving into shallow water), industrial accidents, gunshot wounds, assault, and others. A minor injury to the spine can result in weakening of the spine.
Some other ways the spinal cord can be injured is if it is pushed sideways, compressed, pulled, or twisted. Blood can damage the spinal cord if it accumulates and pushes against the spinal cord. Risk factors include participating in sports such as: American football, hockey, rugby, lacrosse, and skiing. Not wearing protective gear during work or play, or diving into shallow water. Another risk factor is old age.
Older people may have weakened spines (from osteoporosis) which can be prevented
by medicines.

Cervical (near the neck) Injuries:

* Weakness, paralysis
* Breathing difficulties (from paralysis of the breathing muscles)
* Spasticity (increased muscle tone)
* Sensory changes
* Numbness, Tingling
* Pain
* Loss of normal bowel and bladder control (such as incontinence, bladder spasms)

Thoracic (chest-level) Injuries:

* Weakness, paralysis
* Breathing difficulties (from paralysis of the breathing muscles)
* Spasticity (increased muscle tone)
* Sensory changes
* Numbness, Tingling
* Pain
* Loss of normal bowel and bladder control (such as incontinence, bladder spasms)

Prevention:
Safety practices during work and recreation can prevent many spinal cord
injuries. Use proper protective equipment if an injury is possible.

Diving into shallow water is a major cause of spinal cord trauma. Check the depth of water before diving, and look for rocks or other possible
obstructions.

Football and sledding injuries often involve sharp blows or abnormal
twisting and bending of the back or neck and can result in spinal cord
trauma. Use caution when sledding and inspect the area for obstacles. Use appropriate techniques and equipment when playing football or other contact sports.

Falls while climbing at work or during recreation can result in spinal cord
injuries. Defensive driving and wearing seat belts greatly reduces the risk
of serious injury