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Environment and its relationship to mankind and the environment of the word its significance is common to use the pattern of relationship between caught between the user and say :-culture media environment, The industrial environment, health and the environment, and the social environment and cultural environment, The political ... This means that the relationship of human activities on this areas ...
Ecology has translated the word into Arabic words "Environmental Science" drawn up by the world of German Ernst e men Ernst Haeckel in 1866 following the merger of two Yona Nitin are Oikes and meaning housing, Logos and meaning, science and defined as "the science which generates S.
relationship Downtown living organisms in which they live and Ert m organisms of this science and nutrition, and ways of life and their presence in residential communities or groups or e peoples, It also involves the study of non-living factors such as Jsa'e Al-climate (temperature, humidity, radiation, gas water and air) and the physical characteristics and the chemical of the land, water and air.
The scientists agreed at the present time that the concept of environment e includes all the circumstances and external factors that live P my living organisms and affect the operations of the b Ha. The environment for a human being - "the framework in which they live , which contains a soil and the air and water and includes e each of the three elements of the components of-living , and a vibrant beings. What prevails this framework of the m Ahr variety of weather and climate, winds and rains, attractive and Meghna Al. etc., and reciprocal relationships between these elements.
Talk about the concept of environment, then, is to talk about its components a natural and the circumstances and factors of where they live living organisms.
The Department of the Environment some researchers into two presidents are : -
The natural environment : - a phenomena that has nothing to do with humans in the presence of Ha or use manifestations : the desert, the sea, the climate, topography, surface water, The underground and plant and animal life. And the natural environment influence directly or indirectly in live the life of any Muslim Population of plant, animal or man.
The built environment : - consisting of the physical infrastructure built by a for humans and social systems and institutions that Page Maha, Thus can be seen through the built environment frameworks in place Eka organized by the community of life, , which changed the natural environment to serve the needs of human beings Yeh, The built environment uses land to farmers e and residential areas and the prospect of wealth Alt selling, as well as industrial areas as well as areas Els grieving and commercial centers, schools, and Alta Abahid slavery ... etc.
.
And the environment both natural and constructed are all integrated smells for its hemisphere, or to transfer the planet of life, What affects the other components of the universe and the contents of these a framework is not static, but they are influential and permanent interaction due to the same rights and one of the components of the environment Itva Perhaps with components including the companions of people, this was contained comprehensive understanding in the words of Mr. U Thant of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, where, he said, "We like it or August Lena travel together on the back of a common planet. and we have no alternative only reasonable that we all work to make it an environment can CuInSe n and our children to live a full life safe. " And this requires Rights, which is the only sensible, among pictures of a the life that deals with the environment forbearance and compassion, invests without damaging or destroying ... Perhaps understanding of the components of the environment and nature of relations Almetb among evidence can be no rights and develop sites the best of his life and the lives of several generations.
Elements of the environment :
The environment can be divided, according to the recommendations of the Stockholm Conference, the three elements are : -
The natural environment : - It consists of four systems are closely interrelated : the atmosphere, hydrosphere, land, air Pacific, including covered by these regulations of the air, water and soil, minerals, The sources of energy in addition to the flora and Alehiwana v, All of these resources are made available to God Praised e Almighty for humans to obtain the basics of life food, clothing, medicine and shelter.
The biological environment : - The rights of "individual" and his family and community, as well as living organisms in the biosphere is Albee % biological part of the natural environment
Social environment : - intended social environment that framework Ilaq tires which defines a human life with others, that framework of relations which is the core of any organization Community groups, both among its members each other in environment, or between differing or similar groups together and civilization in the b Eat cheese, The patterns that make up what is known as relations systems Alajtma consciousness, introduced rights during his long journey environment urged Ariah to help him in his life ventured land and hacked Alag brigade of the conquest of space.
Elements of the environment and the civilization of human beings determined in two two major First :-material side : - everything he could to making rights Kalmskn, clothing and the means of transport and the tools and machines used in daily life, secondly the third material : - covers the rights and beliefs of customs and traditions and ideas Every culture and what the rights of the same values and Ada b Science and automatic or acquired.
If the environment is the framework in which they live rights The winner of the basics of life-food, clothing and exercise P Yeh relations with his fellow human beings, the first thing that must be achieved in order to preserve the rights of these a the life of a, the environment is properly understood and understand all the elements and parameters The mutual interactions, eight is a serious collective action to protect and improve and that the j sought a livelihood and exercise without destroying a relationship and corruption.
The environment and the ecological system
Scientists called the word environment on the total circumstances and Al-Awa Mel Foreign living organisms and the influence in the vital operations to be carried out, The system is intended to environmental any area of the nature and Ti loya of living organisms and materials alive in their interaction with each of Yet some environmental conditions and generated only from the exchange between kick the living and non-living, Examples of the forest ecosystems and river and lake and the sea, It is clear from this definition that takes into account all Ilkka Enat living that compose the environmental community (for opening Ayat, Talaeayat respectively, and plant and animal), K1 all non-living elements of the environment
(soil composition, the wind along the day, humidity, pollution ... etc.) and takes rights-organisms as Anad Or-environmental special place in view of the evolution of the intellectual and useless Sy, it is the dominant end-to-concrete on the ecological system of advisory j good depends on his maintaining the ecological system promised
m depletion.
The characteristics of the ecological system : - each comprising environmental system, which is : -
Non-living organisms : - a basic inorganic and organic in the environment.
Biota :-divided into two presidents : -
ǝ. Biota self-feeding : It organisms that can build the same diet Ha from non-organic materials simple mediation of a building the photovoltaic (plant vegetables), these organisms are the primary source and the main Løj Mia types of organisms of different kinds As these organisms consumption of large quantities of Tha Nee carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis and unconquerable M.
driving oxygen in the air.
2. Biota non-self-feeding : - the organisms that could not form diet The organisms themselves expendable and organisms hinted God, Vaclat weeds such as insects, which feed on Alaesh August organisms consumers rely on the handiwork of the plant and shift e in their hulls to different substances build tissues by taxi Samaha, , called such organisms because they spent the first Cat m directly to the plant, The animals that feed on these insects organisms manipulation perish but also called "consumer II" because it a dependent on food components of the objects Hash the view that emerged turn of plant origin, The organisms are analyzed based on the nutrition - self disintegration of the remnants of plant species and Haiwa faith into vehicles benefit from simple plant for example, AT bacteria fungi and some Alkana T.
Almitrmmh.
Rights and its role in the environment
Amer rights is the most vital in bringing about change Alpes Yi and breach of natural biodiversity, Since the quality of which deals with the components of the environment, Whenever rolled past the control and power in the environment, especially after that pleased him of scientific and technological progress Maz Hand opportunities events change in the environment in accordance with the increase the need for food, clothing
Thus spare rights of forest trees on the land and to m Zare, factories and houses, The over-consumption of intensive grazing pastures, It has resorted to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides b various kinds, These are all factors in effective systems of unbalance environmental, reflected in the eventual impact on the lives and rights It is clear from the following : -
- Forests : the forest ecological system is strongly related to human beings, The forest approximately 28% of the continents Therefore, Ted Horha or eliminate serious repercussions occur in a system for environmental and especially in the required balance between except ratios prisoner and carbon dioxide in the air.
- Grazing : misuse leads to the deterioration of pastures of a plant of course, which was accompanied by a deterioration in the soil and climate, If follow denuded soil degradation and become vulnerable to because a mechanical shovel
--Agricultural systems and agriculture unbalanced : the rights to convert natural forests to land button.
conscious replacing the natural ecosystems with a Stanaeih, Levies on food chains and relations Almetb evidence between organisms and material characteristics of the environmental systems another e pattern of relationships between crop grown and Albee surrounding%, using the fertilizers and pesticides for access to e a goal, The biggest fault of rights in the understanding of the investment Alar z is believed that agriculture can replace Ilaq AT complex natural factors that exist between the environment Yeh plants artificial factors simplified, the organization opposed the laws of nature, This is what makes agricultural systems cumbersome and highly perishable.
--Wild flora and fauna : The deterioration of vegetation and the systematic illegal fishing A large number of wild flora and fauna to extinction, the pain environmental balance.
The impact of industrialization and modern technology on the environment
The manufacturing and modern technology in the bad effects environment, Vantallak vapors, gases and waste dumping led a I disorder food chains, This reflected the rights marred industry environment and made in some cases inappropriate for life as Etz h consists of the following : -
Contamination of water-Pacific : The aquatic environmental systems for direct relations and non - Mba his evil human life, aquifer, which evaporate fall in the form of rain necessary for the neighborhood uh, on land, Incomes of living plant and animal savings are food for all mankind in Almstekab l, and the mineral wealth of paramount importance.
- Air pollution : multiple sources of air pollution. It can be argued that include factories, means of transportation, but Nfjarat Agency and the radioactive waste, As several of these sources and more preparation days after j M.
, for example, chlorine, the first carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxiur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, the salts of iron, zinc, lead and some vehicles biting loya and radioactive elements. If the proportion of these pollutants from the air in a certain infect h have clear implications on the rights and the organisms Albee %.
- Soil contamination : contaminated soil result of the use of pesticides and miscellaneous fertilizers and dumping of industrial waste, and it affects the organisms in the soil.
and therefore the fertility and the flora and fauna, This, in turn, impact on the rights at the end of the day.
Rights in the face of environmental challenges
One rights organisms that live on Earth, He needs oxygen to breath for the most pressing operations Yueh, As a supplier needs to constantly learn from the energy a diet of organic, which can not only obtain m n other living organisms plant and animal, It also needs to clean drinking water is an important part of the restored Alatsamarar sphere of life.
The continuity of life and adopt a clear solution AIPAC urgent to many of the major environmental problems Te three of the most important problems can be summarized as follows : -
ǝ. How access to adequate sources of food to provide Walta Ka prepared for growing.
2. How to get rid of the increasing volume of waste, and improve Hello that means must be found for the disposal of waste pain pluralism, in particular waste non-biodegradable.
3. How to reach the appropriate rate of population growth, so there is a balance between population and environmental center.
It has been established that the fate of Rights, linked balances and biological food chains Yeh contained ecosystems, Any breach of these Altoazanat and chains reflected Mba his evil to human life and that the benefit of rights lies P j maintain the integrity of ecosystems, which believes it h Yeah better, and remember the following ways to achieve this : -
Good management of the forest : in order to keep forests and their productivity.
Good management of rangelands : it is essential to maintain the natural grassland and preventing T.
Dhorha and thus put a viable uses.