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Mummifying the Body

First, the body is taken to the tent known as 'ibu' or the 'place of purification'. There the embalmers wash the body with good-smelling palm wine and rinse it with water from the Nile. One of the embalmer's men would make a cut in the left side of the body and removes many of the internal organs. It was important to remove these because they are the first part of the body to decay. When they are removed the body has a greater chance of remaining in one piece longer.

The liver, lungs, stomach and intestines were washed and packed in cloths which would dry them out. The heart is not taken out of the body because it is the centre of intelligence and feeling and the man would need it in the afterlife.

A long hook was used to smash the brain and pull it out through the nose. The body was then completely covered and stuffed with natron which would dry it out. All of the fluids and rags from the embalming process would be saved and buried along with the body. After forty days the body would be cleansed again with water from the Nile. Then the body would be covered in oil to keep in smooth. The dehydrated internal organs were then wrapped in linen and returned to the body. The body would be stuffed with dry materials such as sawdust, leaves and linen so that it looked lifelike. Then the body would be covered with good smelling oils. Then it would be wrapped in linen. When the internal organs were removed there were usually placed in hollow canopic jars.

Over time the Egyptians stopped placing the organs in canopic jars and they were just placed back into the body after they were dried in natron. Even though the organs were placed in the body the canopic jars were still placed with the body to protect the organs.

Wrapping the Body

At first the head and neck were wrapped in linen and then the fingers and toes were wrapped separately. The arms and legs were also wrapped separately. While wrapping the body with linen amulets (A good luck charm) were placed with in layers to protect the body. During the wrapping of the body a priest would come and chant spells to get rid of bad spirits surrounding the body.

After the body was wrapped the arms and legs were tied together. A papyrus scroll with spells and chants was placed between the arms. After that more linen is wrapped around the body. At every layer after that the linen was painted with resin (A special type of paint) that helps glue the linen together. Then a cloth is wrapped and a picture of Osiris is painted on top.

Then a large cloth is wrapped around the entire mummy. It is attached with strips of linen that run from the top to the bottom of the mummy, and around its middle. A board of painted wood is placed on top of the mummy before the mummy is lowered into its coffin. The first coffin is then put inside a second coffin. After it is placed in the coffin a funeral is held for the dead and its family mourns the death. A ritual called the 'Opening of the Mouth' is performed, allowing the deceased to eat and drink again.

Finally, the body and its coffins are placed inside a large stone sarcophagus in the tomb. Furniture, clothing, valuable objects, food and drink are placed in the tomb for the dead. Then the body is ready for the underworld. There is where they believed that the Gods judged his heart based on his good deeds on earth. If the heart is found to be pure the body would be sent to live in the luxurious “Field of Reeds”.