The 22,517 people of this very small ethnic minority live in compact
communities primarily in the three islands of Wanwei, Wutou and
Shanxin in the Fangcheng Multi-ethnic Autonomous County, the Guangxi
Zhuang Autonomous Region, near the Sino-Vietnamese border. About
one quarter of them live among the Han and Zhuang ethnic groups
in nearby counties and towns.
The Jings live in a subtropical area with plenty of rainfall and
rich mineral resources. The Beibu Gulf to its south is an ideal
fishing ground. of the more than 700 species of fish found there,
over 200 are of great economic value and high yields. Pearls, sea
horses and sea otters which grow in abundance are prized for their
medicinal value. Seawater from the Beibu Gulf is good for salt making.
The main crops there are rice, sweet potato, peanut, taro and millet,
and sub-tropical fruits like papaya, banana and longan are also
plentiful. Mineral deposits include iron, monazite, titanium, magnetite
and silica. The large tracts of mangroves growing in marshy land
along the coast are a rich source of tannin, an essential raw material
for the tanning industry.
The Jing people had their own script which was called Zinan. Created
on the basis of the script of the Han people towards the end of
the 13th century, it was found in old song books and religious scriptures.
Most Jings read and write in the Han script because they have lived
with Hans for a long time. They speak the Cantonese dialect.
The ancestors of the Jings emigrated from Viet Nam to China in
the early 16th century and first settled on the three uninhabited
lands since the neighborhood had been populated by people of Han
and Zhuang ethnic group. Shoulder to shoulder with the Hans and
Zhuangs there, they developed the border areas together and sealed
close relations in their joint endeavors over the centuries.
The Jings, who were all illiterate before 1949, are now going
to school, and many young people have moved onto college education.
Each village now has a clinic, and paramedics have been assigned
to each fishing vessel.
Jing people like antiphonal songs which are melodious and lyrical.
Their traditional instruments include the two-stringed fiddle, flute,
drum, gong and the single-stringed fiddle, a unique musical instrument
of the ethnic group. Folk stories and legends abound. Their favorite
dances feature lanterns, fancy colored sticks, embroidery and dragons.
Jing costume is simple and practical. Traditionally, women wear
tight-fitting, collarless short blouses buttoned in front plus a
diamond-shaped top apron and broad black or brown trousers. When
going out, they would put on a light colored gown with narrow sleeves.
They also like earrings. Men wear long jackets reaching down to
the knees and girdles. Now most people dress themselves like their
Han neighbors though a few elderly women retain their tradition
and a few young women coil their hair and dye their teeth black.
Many Jings are believers of Buddhism or Taoism, with a few followers
of Catholicism. They also celebrate the Lunar New Year--Spring Festival
-- and the Pure Brightness Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and
the Mid-Autumn Festival like the Hans.
Fish sauce is a favorite condiment the Jing people use in cooking,
and a cake prepared with glutinous rice mixed with sesame is a great
delicacy for them.
There used to be some taboos, such as stepping over a fishing
net placed on the beach, sitting on a new raft before it was launched,
and stepping on the stove. But many old habits that hampered the
growth of production have died out bit by bit.
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