You may also be interested in the appendix about time measurement units
The lowest possible temperature, at which a substance doesn't contain thermal energy
The rate of which a the speed of a moving object changes
Every type of matter particle has a correspondent antiparticle. When a particles collides with a antiparticle, they annihilate each other, resulting only energy.
The basic unit of ordinary matter, containing a small nucleus (that contains protons and neutrons ) surrounded by electrons that move on orbits around it.
The singularity from the beginning of the Universe
The singularity from the end of the Universe
A region of time-space from which nothing can escape, not even light, because of the immense gravity
The maximum possible mass of a cold stable star ,over which it has to suffer a collapse forming a black hole
An area in time-space which contains the possible directions of the light beams that cross a given event
Numbers that specify the position of a point in space and time
A mathematical concept used by Einstein to give time-space an intrinsic tendency of expansion
The study of the universe
Law of science affirming that mass(or equivalent energy) cannot be created or destroyed
A property of a particle according to which it can reject(or attract )other particles that have a charge of the same sign (or opposite sign)
The force that appears between particles with electric charge, the second on the power scale of the 4 fundamental forces
A particle with a negative electric charge that moves around a nucleus of an atom, on a certain orbit.
The energy over which the difference between the electromagnetic and weak interaction force disappears .
A particle that is believed it cannot be divided into smaller particles
A point in time-space, specified by its time and place
The limit of a black hole
Something that exists everywhere in time and space, in opposition with a particle, that exists in a point at a certain moment.
For a wave ,the number of complete cycles per second
Electromagnetic waves with a short wave length ,produced in the radioactive disintegration or by colliding elementary particles
Einstein's theory based on the idea that all laws of science must be the same for all observers, no matter how they move. It explains the gravitational force through the four-dimensional time-space curvature
The shortest road(or the longest) between 2 points
The time measured using imaginary numbers
The distance that light travels in 1 second(1 year)
The field that is responsible for the magnetic forces incorporated with the electric field into the electromagnetic field.
The quantity of matter of an object
The modification of a star's light , that is moving away from us, into red (because of the Doppler effect )
An uncharged particle, very similar with the proton ,that represents almost have of the particles from a nucleus.
A cold star, sustained by the repulsion between its neutrons
The idea sustaining that the universe is finite but without having limits
The process in which 2 nucleuses collide and unite forming a single heavier nucleus
The central part of an atom , that is formed only out of protons and neutrons
A device that can accelerate moving charged particles, using electro-magnets ,thus giving them additional energy.
The position from the cycle of a wave at a certain moment
A quantum of light
The idea that light(or any classic particle) can be emitted or be absorbed only in discreet quanta , their energy being proportional with their frequency
Positive charged antiparticle of the electron
A black hole created in the very early phases of the universe
Electric charged particles that form approximately half of the particles from the nucleus of most atoms
Indivisible unit in which waves can be emitted or absorbed
The theory developed on Planck's quantum principle and on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
An elementary charged particle that feels the strong interaction. Protons and neutrons are each formed of 3 quarks
A system that uses radio waves impulses to detect the position of an object ,measuring the needed time for a impulse to reach the object and to be reflected back.
The spontaneous disintegration of a certain atomic nucleus into another
A point of infinite space-time curvature
A theorem showing that a singularity has to exist in certain conditions- a specially , that the universe has to start with a singularity
Any of the 3 dimensions of time-space that refers to space (therefore any of the 3 dimensions except time )
Einstein's theory based on the idea that all laws of science must be the same for all observers, no matter what their speed is
A internal property of elementary particles ,bound with, but not identical with the usual rotation concept around an axis
The most powerful fundamental force, which has the smallest action range. It maintains the quarks together with the protons and neutrons and maintains the protons and the neutrons together forming the atoms
Four-dimensional space
In quantum mechanics, a particle that cannot be direct detected, but it's effects can be measurable
For a wave, the distance between 2 adjacent minimum points or 2 maximum adjacent points
Concept in quantum mechanics in which there isn't a distinction between waves and particles; particles can behave sometimes like waves and waves like particles
A fundamental force that affects all matter particles, but doesn't affect the force carrying particles .It has a very short action range
The force exercised upon an object by the gravitational field. It is proportional with it's mass, but it's different from it
A cold stable star, sustained by the repulsion between electrons
Basically the atto-second is the shortest interval of time that has a name! A movement inside the atom takes an atto-second,this being observed by scientists from The Technology University in Vienna during a laser experiment.
In water, for example, the link between hydrogen molecules brakes and rebuilds itself in a couple of pico seconds.
After a dynamite's fuse runs out, it takes 24 microseconds for it to explode. Another example: a bat can receive echoes at a rate of 2 microseconds.
A human’s heart pulsation takes approximately 1 second. The rhythm of a heart is different at every person ,but normally there are between 50 and 100 beats per minute .
An average person consumes in an hour approximately 350.000 joules . In nature, the fastest reproduction takes an hour.
The approximate time that the Earth needs to complete a full rotation around its axis. More precisely ,the rotation movement takes 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds.