In 1839 driving levers and pedals were added to a machine of the draisine type by Kirkpatrick Macmillan of Scotland. These innovations eanabled the rider to propel the machine with the feet off the ground. The driving mechanism consisted of short cranks fixed to the rear wheel hub and connected by rods to long levers, which were hinged to the frame close to the head of the machine. The connecting rods were joined to the levers at about one-third of their length from the pedals. The machine was propelled by a downward and forward thrust of the foot. In 1846 an improved model of this machine, designed by a Scotsman, acquired the name dalsell and was widely used in England.