Giovanni Battista Porta
Giovanni Battista Porta was famous cryptographer. He lived in the 16th centenary. He lived in Naples. Porta was good at being a physician, mathematician, and scientist. When he was 22, after he took the "grand tour" of Europe, Porta published the book Magia Naturalis, which is a study of natural phenomena, oddities, and curiosa, which was extremely popular. Porta formed the first scientific society. The ASN [Accademia Secretorum Naturae or Accademia dei Secreti], in which was a group of men interested in natural magic. They met in Porta's home and conducted experiments. The men called themselves the Otiosi (Men of Leisure). The society however, called forth on charges of occultism. After clearing his name with Pope Paul V, Porta closed his association. The association was actually no more than parlor tricks. Later, Porta was a founder and vice president of another scientific society, of which Galileo was a member.