Credits

We would like to thank all those who have helped us making this project a successful one.

We would like to make a special mention to Mr. R.P. Dubey for his help.

We would also like to thank Mr. Rohit Kumar for his help.

Citations

1) Space handbook- Astronauts and its applications

Propellants

http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/conghand/propelnt.htm

2) Rocket and space technology

Topic - Rocket propellants

http://www.braeunig.us/space/propel.htm

3) NASA facts online

John F. Kennedy space center

What are propellants?

http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/nasafact/count2.htm#solid

4) How stuff works

“ How oil refining works”

http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining4.htm

5) Chemistry and issues in environment

Fractional distillation of crude oil

http://elmhurst.edu/~chm/onlcourse/chm110/outlines/distill.html

6) Rocket principles

http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/space/lectures/lec03.html

7) Lift off from earth

Topic - Propulsion principle and physics laws

http://www.cnes.fr/WEB_UK/decouverte/quitter_terre/1sommaire_quitter_terre.htm

8) Rocket propulsion fundamentals

Topic- Principles of rocket propulsion

http://www.aticourses.com/news/rockets.htm

9) Propulsion systems

Topic- Rocket thrust

http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/conghand/propulsn.htm

10) Rocket basics

Rocket for rookies

Topic- propulsion principle and propellants

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/docs/RocketBasics.htm

11) Antimatter and rocket for fusion propulsion

Reaching for the stars

http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/prop12apr99_1.htm

12) Advanced concepts in space propulsion

Topic- nuclear propulsion

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humbio01/s_papers/2002/D'Andrea.pdf

13) Space fission reactor power system

The technology and applications

http://spacescience.nasa.gov/missions/fissiontech.pdf

14) Nuclear fission

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fission.html

15) Nuclear fusion

http://www.jet.efda.org/pages/content/fusion1.html

16) Mars academy

Electric propulsion

http://www.marsacademy.com/propul/propul7.htm

17) Mars academy

Ion engine

Topic- Electrostatic propulsion

http://www.marsacademy.com/propul/propul8.htm

18) 8 propulsion systems

Topic- propulsion

http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/archive/subsystems/prop.pdf

19) All about space shuttle

http://www.awesome80s.com/Awesome80s/Tech/Space/Shuttle/About.asp

20) How light propulsion will work

http://science.howstuffworks.com/light-propulsion.htm

21) Living in space

The space environment

http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-483/ch1-3.htm

22) Human element – moon and mars mission plans

Mars institute

http://www.marsinstitute.info/rd/faculty/dportree/rtr/hu12.html

23) Principles of rocket propulsion

Chapter 6- launch systems and launch sites

http://www-tradoc.army.mil/dcscd/spaceweb/chap6im.htm

24) National aeronautics and space administration

Mars exploration rover launches

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/merlaunch.pdf

25) Thrust

Aerospace Corporation

http://www.aero.org/publications/SpacePrinc/Thrust.html

26) IEEE sample articles

The tether solution

27) Tether technology: A new spin on space propulsion

http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/tether_tech_030618-1.html

28) Space tethers for space science and technology applications

http://www.sprl.umich.edu/SPRL/Report/1995/23_spacetethers.html

29) Variable specific-impulse magneto plasma rocket

http://www.nasatech.com/Briefs/Sep01/MSC23041.html

30) Exploration of mars Topic- MARINER 2 TO MARS

http://www.vectorsite.net/taxpl_5.html#m5

31) NSSDC master catalog: spacecraft Mars exploration rover: spirit

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=2003-027A

32) Mars exploration rover mission

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/overview/

33) 2003 mars exploration rovers Spirit and opportunity

http://www.redcolony.com/

34) Background on propulsion Topic - Space elevators and space tethers

http://virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov/research/youDecide/propulsion.html

35) University of Michigan The past and future of rocket engine propulsion

http://www.fathom.com/course/21701743/session1.html

36) The physics of light propulsion

http://www.physics.isu.edu/~knox/papers/lightpro.PDF

37) Space flight propulsion Topic- Overview of all propulsion techniques

http://www.vectorsite.net/tarokt.html

38) How weightlessness works Topic – Meeting basic needs in space

http://science.howstuffworks.com/weightlessness.htm

39) Satellite solar power stations: an overview Lawrence livemore national laboratory

http://www.energyfrontiers.org/presentations/mhsat0600.pdf

40) Project Skylab Program overview

http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/skylab/skylab.html

41) Space exploration

http://www.abhisheksood.50megs.com/other_nations_in_space.htm

42) Permanent - Space colonies 6 space colonies and permanent

http://www.permanent.com/s-index.htm

43) Scholastic News in depth Columbia Leaving the earth

http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/shuttle- columbia/exploration/index.asp?article=leaving_earth

44) How Spacesuits work

http://science.howstuffworks.com/space-suit.htm

45) Space shuttle The ascent stage

http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/sts_ascent.htm

46) Magellan mission to Venus

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/magellan.html

47) Spacecraft exploration

http://www2.worldbook.com/features/venus/html/spacecraft.html

48) Space elevators An advanced earth-space structure for new millennium

http://www.affordablespaceflight.com/spaceelevator.html

49) International space station overview International space station

http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/ISS_OVR/

50) The station Living in space

http://www.pbs.org/spacestation/station/living.htm

51) Space station What are the different components of space station?

http://www.pbs.org/spacestation/station/components.htm

52) The station Who are the international partners?

http://www.pbs.org/spacestation/station/partners.htm

53) Mir station

http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/rsa/mir.html

54) Mir modules

http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/rsa/mir.html

55) Mir space station Topic- components of Mir

http://www.ik1sld.org/mir.htm

56) The final days in Mir Background information

http://www.reentrynews.com/Mir/back1.html

57) Salyut space station

http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/space_station/tl_salyut.html

58) History of space exploration Salyut 7 space station

http://www.nauts.com/vehicles/80s/salyut7/;20001212195202083

59) History of space exploration Salyut 1 space station

http://www.nauts.com/vehicles/70s/salyut1.html

60) Salyut 3 Spacecraft manned Almaz OPS-2

http://www.russianspaceweb.com/almaz_ops2.html

61) The salyut 4 space station

http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/salyut4.html

62) Salyut Topic- Salyut missions

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/S/Salyut.htm

63) The skylab space station Skylab

http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/skylab.html

64) Skylab space station

http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Nebula/9749/skylab.html

65)  space elevators, space hotels and space tourism

http://members.aol.com/Nathan2go/SPELEV.HTM

66) space elevators come closer to reality

http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/space_elevator_020327-1.html

67) getting a lift from an engineering device

http://www.spacedaily.com/news/future-01f.html

68) space tourism: dream or reality?

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1937804.stm

69) bright future for solar power satellites

http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/solar_power_sats_011017-1.html

70) space colonies-index

http://www.permanent.com/s-index.htm

71) deep space repairs may someday be possible

http://www.usatoday.com/news/science/stuffworks/2001-04-03-self-healing-spacecraft.htm#more

72) how self healing spacecrafts will work

http://science.howstuffworks.com/self-healing-spacecraft.htm

73) air breathing rockets

http://www.spacetransportation.com/news/rockets.html

74) big bang theory

http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/971108a.html

75) the big bang theory

http://www.warmingearth.com/BigBang.htm

76) the beginning of our universe (the cosmos) http://www.ccsbbs.com/users/taeksoon/universe/cosmos.htm

77)  asteroids

http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level2/asteroids.html

78)  comets

http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level2/comets.html

79)  COMETS: a good source of information on comets

http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/1491/comets.html

80)  asteroids comets stars

http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/1491/asteroid.html

81)  star death

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/stars/death/index.shtml

82)  star birth

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/stars/birth/index.shtml

83)  the nine planets:

http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/nineplanets.html

84)  the solar system:

http://www.solarviews.com/eng/solarsys.htm

85)  Newton 's three laws of motion

http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newton3laws.html

86)  Sir Isaac Newton: the universal law of gravitation

http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newtongrav.html

87)  Newtonian gravitation and the laws of kepler

http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newtonkepler.html

88)  newtons first law:

http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/newtlaws/u2l1a.html

89)  newtons second law

http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/newtlaws/u2l3a.html • 

90) newtons third law

http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/newtlaws/u2l4a.html

91)  kepler's first law:

http://www.alcyone.com/max/physics/kepler/5.html

92) kepler's second law:

http://www.alcyone.com/max/physics/kepler/3.html

93)  kepler's third law:

http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Skepl3rd.htm

http://www.alcyone.com/max/physics/kepler/6.html

94)  centripetal force :

http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/mmedia/circmot/cf.html

95)  centripetal and centrifugal force:

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0811114.html

96)  satellites:

http://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite.htm

97)  How space stations work? :

http://science.howstuffworks.com/space-station.htm

98) Space shuttle main engine

http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/sts-mps.html#sts-mps-ssme

99)  overview of orbiter

http://science.howstuffworks.com/space-shuttle3.htm

100) The columbia disaster

http://www.columbiassacrifice.com/shttlovrvw0.htm

101)  reentry and landing:

http://science.howstuffworks.com/space-shuttle12.htm

102)  countdown to landing:

http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/sts_countdown.htm

103)  spirit and opportunity:

http://www.athena.cornell.edu/

104)  Mars exploration rover mission:

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/

105)  Jupiter's icy moons orbiter:

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jimo/mission.cfm

106)  Terrestrial planet finder:

http://msc.caltech.edu/tpf.html

http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_index.html

107)  Voyager :

http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/

108)  Cassini huygen's:

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/index.cfm

109)  Apollo 11:

http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/apollo-11.html

Citations for pictures

Mission to Mars

Main page

http://www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/curator/antmet/marsmets/images/mars.gif

Launch

http://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/spirit_launch.html

Stage 1:

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/launch_stage1_1.html

Payload fairing:

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/launch_fairing1.html

Stage 2:

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/launch_stage2_1.html

Stage 3:

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/launch_stage3.html

Landing

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/images/step8_br350.jpg

Spacecraft

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/spacecraft.html

Cruise stage configuration

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/images/cruisestage1_500.jpg

Aeroshell:

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/images/aeroshell1_500.jpg

Parachute:

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/spacecraft/meropen7_cropbrowse.html

Lander:

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/images/lander1_500.jpg

Rover

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/images/rover1_detail_500.jpg

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/spacecraft_rover_neck.html

Deep space network:

mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mer/mission/ communications.html

The universe

Big bang:

http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/4/physics/particles/particlesbigbang1.html

Steady state:

http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/universe_level2/cosmology.html

Elliptical galaxy:

http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2002/1140/1140_hand.html

Irregular galaxy:

http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap971114.html

Spiral galaxy:

http://spaceplace.jpl.nasa.gov/teachers/images/stars/hst_ngc4414_L.jpg

Star birth:

http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101stars.html

Neutron star:

http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/spacesci/structure/rxte3hrnuke.htm

Sun

http://www.awesomelibrary.org/images/sun-nasa.jpg

Comet:

http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/newhome/help/tutorials/batse/IMAGES/COMET.GIF

Asteroid:

http://spacelink.nasa.gov/Instructional.Materials/Curriculum.Support/Space.Science/Our.Solar.System/Small.Bodies/Asteroid.Gaspra.from.Galeleo.gif

Meteor:

http://www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/outreach1/expmetmys/slideset/Meteor.JPG

Space future

Space colonies:

http://lifesci3.arc.nasa.gov/SpaceSettlement/70sArt/AC75-1886q.jpeg

Inflatable space craft:

http://flightprojects.msfc.nasa.gov/fd02_park.html

Space stations:

ISS:

http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/lib/station/station/g/ss_110.jpg

Mir

http://ciencia.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast10mar_1.htm

Skylab

antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/ apod/ap980510.html

Skylab parts

http://www.themindspill.com/air_space/space/ASRC/asrc2.html

Salyut :

imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/.../ missions/salyut4.html

Mission to Venus

Magellan

http://www.astrolink.de/m006/m006000/m006000_m000_01.htm

Venus

calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/ ita/08_2.shtml

Mission to moon

Moon

http://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/gallery/image_gallery/moon/graphics/moonfullclem.jpg

Landing

http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/books/apollo/Resize-jpg/fs1c2-11.jpg

Other missions:

Voyager

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/voyager.html

Jupiter's icy moons orbiter:

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jimo/

Milky way image:

http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/cosmic/milkyway.html

Voyager images of planets:

http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/

Cassini huygen images:

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/index.cfm