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Nutritional Disorders and Diseases

Nutrient	Type	RDA	Deficiency Symptoms	Toxicity Symptoms
Calcium	Mineral	1,000-1,500 mg	Muscle spasms, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis	Non-toxic.  Supplements are not recommended for individuals with kidney disease or stones.
Chromium	Trace Mineral	200-600 mg	Rare: alterations in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids	Generally considered non-toxic.  Exposure to industrially inhaled chromium has been linked to lung cancer.
Copper	Trace Mineral	0.5-2 mg	Osteoporosis, inability of body to manufacture collagen, fatigue, baldness, slow growth, slows nervous system development, retardation	Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, metallic taste, hemolytic anemia
Fluoride	Trace Mineral	1.5-4 mg	Dental caries, brittle bones	Mottled teeth, osteomalacia, osteoporosis
Folic Acid	Water Soluble	400-1,200 mcg	Anemia, irritability, weakness, sleep disturbances, pallor; sore and reddened tongue	Non-Toxic
Iodine	Mineral	0-150 mcg (most individuals) 150-300 mcg (low iodine diet)	Growth and sexual development can be delayed in children; goiter	Usually Non-Toxic.  if under 1,000 mcg/day.  High doses can cause headaches, metallic taste in mouth and rash.  Doses over 20,000 mcg/day are related to iodide goiter.
Iron	Mineral	15-25 mg (men) 18-30 mg (women)	Anemia, dry, coarse hair, dysphagia, dizziness, fatigue, hair loss, cracked lips or tongue, nervousness, slowed mental response, pallor	Generally considered non-toxic if under 75 mg/day.  High doses can cause abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhea.  Severe overdoses of iron can be considered fatal if medical attention is not sought.
Magnesium	Mineral	500-750 mg	Sleep Disturbances, irritability, rapid heartbeat, confusion, muscle spasms, GI upset	Rarely toxic.  Symptoms may include diarrhea, fatigue, and arrhythmia
Manganese	Trace Mineral	15-30 mg	Rare: atherosclerosis, confusion, tremors, elevated cholesterol levels, impaired vision and hearing, skin rash, irritability, increased blood pressure, pancreatic damage, sweating, increased heart rate, mental impairment, grinding of teeth	Usually considered non-toxic.  Exposure to industrially inhaled manganese has been linked to psychiatric and nervous disorders.
Molybdenum	Trace Mineral	75 mcg	Rare: increased heart rate, mouth and gum disorders, impotence in older males, increased respiratory rate, night blindness	Non-Toxic
Phosphorus	Mineral	1200 mg	Fatigue, irritability, decreased appetite, bone pain, weakness, skin sensitivity	Rarely toxic.  Symptoms may include brittle bones related to loss of calcium (osteoporosis).
Potassium	Trace Mineral	3,500 mg	dry skin, acne, chills, diarrhea, impaired cognitive function, muscle spasms, arrythmia, edema, decreased reflex response, thirst, glucose intolerance, growth retardation, insomnia, elevated cholesterol, decreased blood pressure	Rarely toxic.  Symptoms may include arrythmia and heart failure (doses exceeding 18gm/day)
Selenium	Mineral	100-400 mcg (coastal and glaciated regions) 50-200 mcg (other)	Muscle weakness, linked to cancer and heart disease, fatigue, growth retardation, elevated cholesterol levels, susceptibility to infection, sterility	Rarely toxic.  Symptoms may include garlic breath, brittle hair and nails, irritability, liver and kidney impairment, metallic taste in mouth, dermatitis, and jaundice.
Sodium	Trace Mineral	2,400 mg	Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, abdominal cramps, dehydration, confusion, depression, dizziness, palpitations, headaches, impaired taste, low blood pressure, seizures	Edema, elevated blood pressure, potassium deficiency, diseases of the liver and kidneys.
Vitamin A	Fat Soluble	5,000-50,000 IU	Poor night vision, macular degeneration, increased risk of cataracts, dry skin.  Hearing, taste, smell, nerve damage	Nausea &vomiting, headaches, insomnia, dry skin, joint pain, constipation
Vitamin B1 Thiamin	Water Soluble	25-300 mg	Mild: appetite & weight loss, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, nervous system problems Severe: beri beri, muscle weakness, decreased DTR, edema, enlarged heart	Generally non-toxic.
Vitamin B2 Riboflavin	Water Soluble	25-300 mg	Mild: cracks & sores to corners of the mouth & tongue, red eyes, skin lesions, dizziness, hair loss, inability to sleep, sensitivity to light, and poor digestion. Severe (rare): anemia, nerve disease	Generally non-toxic.
Vitamin B3 Niacin	Water Soluble	25-300 mg	Mild: canker sores, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, halitosis, headaches, indigestion, inability to sleep, loss of appetite, dermatitis Severe: pellagra	Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, flushing.  Severe: Liver damage, irregular heart rate, rash to large portions of the body, gouty arthritis
Vitamin B5 Pantothenic Acid	Water Soluble	25-300 mg	Rare: Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, tingling in the hands, sleep disturbances, abdominal pains & cramps	Generally considered non-toxic.
Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine	Water Soluble	1.5-2 mg	Anemia, seizures, headaches, nausea, dry & flaky skin, sore tongue, cracks on mouth, vomiting	Generally considered non-toxic.  High doses (2000-6000 mg/day) can cause nerve disorders.
Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin	Water Soluble	25-500 mg	Unsteady gait, chronic fatigue, constipation, depression, digestive disturbances, dizziness, drowsiness, liver enlargement, hallucinations, headaches, inflammation of the tongue, irritability, mood swings, nerve disorders, palpitations, pernicious anemia, tinnitus, spinal cord degeneration	Generally considered non-toxic.
Vitamin C	Water Soluble	60-5,000 mg	Mild: poor wound healing, bleeding gums, easily bruised, nosebleeds, joint pain, lack of energy, susceptibility to infection Severe: scurvy	Generally considered non-toxic.  High doses (5,000 mg and up/day) can cause abdominal bloating and diarrhea
Vitamin D	Fat Soluble	400-800 IU	In infants, irreversible bone deformities. In children: rickets, delayed tooth development, weak muscles, softened skull In adults: osteomalcia, osteoporosis, hypocalcemia	Nausea & vomiting, headaches, constipation, diarrhea, fatigue, loss of appetite, excessive thirst & urination, protein in urine, liver & kidney damage
Vitamin E	Fat Soluble	30-1,200 IU	Rare symptoms may include anemia and edema	Generally non-toxic; but stomach upset, dizziness and diarrhea can occur.
Vitamin K	Fat Soluble	80 mcg	Rare, except in newborns, where bleeding tendencies are possible.  Elevated levels of vitamin K can interfere with the effects of anti-coagulants.	Generally non-toxic; but a type of jaundice may occur in premature infants.
Zinc	Mineral	22.5-50 mg	Change in taste & smell, nails can become think & peel, acne, delayed sexual maturation, hair loss, elevated cholesterol, impaired night vision, impotence, growth retardation, increased susceptibility to infection	Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, impaired coordination, fatigue

*BarCharts, Inc.

Anorexia Nervosa is a mental, health and eating disorder.  The individual believes him/herself  to be fat, while to have this disorder the weight of the person is 85% or lower than what is expected for that age and height.  Depression, irritability, withdrawal, the inability to accept change and responsibility often accompany this disorder of extreme weight-loss.  Anorexia Nervosa has the ability to kill.

Bulimia is another mental, health and eating disorder.  The individual binge eats for a certain period of time and follows this time with rapid weight loss, either with the use of vomiting, laxatives, exercise or fasting. The person becomes hungry, binge eats, and restarts the cycle.  Overall weight, if Anorexia Nervosa is not present, may be maintained. As Anorexia Nervosa, this disorder has the ability to kill.

Binge Eating Disorder is often found in individuals with a predisposition to weigh more, people who have failed many diet attempts, or as a means of comfort.  The obsessive eating, or constant snacking, usually causes the individual to become obese and depressed.  Diet programs are not helpful in stopping Binge Eating.  Suggested by the March 2002 New England Journal of Medicine, a genetic flaw may be responsible for many binge eaters.

Other less well-known eating disorders:

• Anorexia Athletica (Compulsive Exercising)
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder (Bigorexia)
• Chewing and Spitting
• Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
• Gourmand Syndrome
• Infection-triggered Auto Immune Subtype of Anorexia in Children
• Night-Eating Syndrome
• Nocturnal Sleep-related Eating Disorder
• Orthorexia Nervosa
• Pica
• Prader-Willi Syndrome
• Rumination Syndrome

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