Space Travel 101: Fundamentals of Space Travel


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Spacecraft Essentials

Missions

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Overview

We have compiled a list of sources that we used in our research for each topic. When you click on the link, a new window will pop up.

Spacecraft Essentials	Missions
1. Life Support 2. Launch & Re-entry 3. Energy 4. Propulsion	1. Manned 2. Unmanned 3. Dangers 4. Spacecraft

Life Support

Sources & Further Study
1.	"Howstuffworks 'How Space Shuttles Work'" - HowStuffWorks Inc. - Jan 2004 http://travel.howstuffworks.com/space-shuttle5.htm
2.	"NASA - Spacecraft Classification" - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Jan 2004 http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/thermal/1-why-control-heat.html
3.	"Mars Express: The Mission - Temperature Control Systems" - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Jan 2004 http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/express/mission/sc_temperature.html
4.	"What happens to heat once it is released into space?" - Northwestern University - Jan 2004 http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/thermal/3-what-happens-to-heat-once-its-released.html
Image Sources
1.	http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/images/eclss-air/cycle.gif
2.	http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/combustion/sfs/sfs_research_projs.htm

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Launch & Re-entry

Sources & Further Study
1.	"Selection & Training of Astronauts" - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Jan 2004 http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/astronauts/training.html
2.	"Astronaut Training" - Botha, Kris - Jan 2004 http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/6098/training.htm
3.	"Basics of Space Flight Section III. Space Flight Operations" - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Jan 2004 http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf14-1.html
4.	"Howstuffworks 'How Space Shuttles Work'" - HowStuffWorks Inc. - Jan 2004 http://science.howstuffworks.com/space-shuttle.htm
5.	"Aeronautics of the Space Shuttle" - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Jan 2004 http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/F_Aeronautics_of_Space_Shuttle.html
Image Sources
1.	http://gallery.colofinder.net/albums/vomit-comet/vomitcomet3.jpg
2.	http://teacherlink.ed.usu.edu/tlnasa/pictures/litho/training/Astrotrainingsm.JPG
3.	http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/neuron/background/pics/9706641.gif
4.	http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/image/images/assembly/unknown3.gif
5.	http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-77/images/medium/KSC-96EC-0523.jpg
6.	http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-104/images/medium/KSC-01PP-1182.jpg
7.	http://www.la-magic.com/ladyann/space/shuttle/launch7.jpg
8.	http://www.floridatoday.com/space/explore/intelv/ariane/ap502b.jpg
9.	http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-107/images/medium/KSC-03PD-0116.jpg
10.	http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/space-shuttle-reentry.jpg
11.	http://www.santarosa.edu/NASA/Shuttleland.gif
12.	http://i.timeinc.net/time/daily/2003/0309/apollo0902.jpg

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Energy

Sources & Further Study
1.	"What are batteries?" - Northwestern University - Jan 2004 http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Power/1-what-are-batteries.html
2.	"Howstuffworks "How Batteries Work'" - HowStuffWorks Inc. - Jan 2004 http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery1.htm
3.	"What are solar panels?" - Northwestern University - Jan 2004 http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Power/1-what-are-solar-panels.html
4.	"Spacecraft Systems" - Culp, Randy - Jan 2004 http://my.execpc.com/~culp/space/spacecraft.html
5.	"RadioIsotope Thermoelectric Generators" - Nemick, Nikolas and Mohanty, Prad - Jan 2004 http://me.eng.sunysb.edu/~mec290/rtgs/
6.	"What are radioisotope thermoelectric generators?" - Northwestern University - Jan 2004 http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Power/1-what-are-rtgs.html
7.	"Office of Nuclear Energy, Science & Technology" - U.S. Department of Energy - Jan 2004 http://www.ne.doe.gov/pdf/mmrtg.pdf
8.	"Fuel Cells: How Fuel Cells Work" - U.S. Department of Energy - Jan 2004 http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/fuelcells/how.html
9.	"Howstuffworks 'How Fuel Cells Work'" - HowStuffWorks Inc. - Jan 2004 http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-cell1.htm
10.	"What are fuel cells?" - Northwestern University - Jan 2004 http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Power/1-what-are-fuel-cells.html
Image Sources
1.	http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/battery.gif
2.	http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/media/Power/solar-panels-pointed-out.gif

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Propulsion

Sources & Further Study
1.	"Specific Impulse" - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Jan 2004 http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/specimp.html
2.	"Spacecraft propulsion" - Wikipedia - Jan 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion
3.	"CANOPUS 98-07" - Wheaton, Bill - Jan 2004 http://www.aqua.co.za/assa_jhb/Canopus/c987jpl.htm
4.	"Variable-Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket" - Chang-Diaz, Franklin R. - Jan 2004 http://www.nasatech.com/Briefs/Sep01/MSC23041.html
5.	"HSF - Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory" - Dismukes, Kim - Jan 2004 http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/support/researching/aspl/vasimr.html
6.	"Antimatter" - Intech Communications - Jan 2004 http://intech4us.com/html/antimatter.html
Image Sources
1.	http://www.terranischer-club-eden.com/images/sc41_vasimr.jpg
2.	http://www.csar.uiuc.edu/~tlj/images/launchpic.jpg
3.	http://nmp.jpl.nasa.gov/ds1/img/jpl27568ac.tif

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Manned

Sources & Further Study

1.	"Soyuz TM-32" - Encyclopedia Astronautica - Feb 2004 http://www.astronautix.com/flights/soyztm32.htm
2.	"Dennis Tito - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Tito
3.	"Astronomy and Space - Valentina Tereshkova" - About.com - Feb 2004 http://space.about.com/library/weekly/aa070502a.htm
4.	"Apollo Soyuz Test Project" - NASA Life Sciences Data Archive - Feb 2004 http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/apollo/astp.stm
5.	"Apollo-Soyuz - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo-Soyuz
6.	"STS-51-L - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L
7.	"51-L" - NASA Kennedy Space Center - Feb 2004 http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/51-l/mission-51-l.html
8.	"The Cold War & Space Race" - Shock & Vibration Tutorials - Feb 2004 http://www.vibrationdata.com/space/Apollo13.htm
9.	"NSSDC Master Catalog: Spacecraft" - National Space Science Data Center - Feb 2004 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1970-029A
10.	"Apollo 11 - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11
11.	"John F. Kennedy Space Center - Apollo 11" - NASA Kennedy Space Center - Feb 2004 http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/apollo-11/apollo-11.htm
12.	"Apollo 11 - 30th Anniversary" - NASA National Space Science Data Center - Feb 2004 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_11_30th.html
13.	"Project Apollo: Astronaut Biographies" - NASA Headquarters - Feb 2004 http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/ap11ann/astrobios.htm#Collins
14.	"BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| China hails its first man in space" - BBC News - Feb 2004 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3193548.stm
15.	"Shenzhou 5 - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_5
16.	"Voskhod 1" - Encyclopedia Astronautica - Feb 2004 http://www.astronautix.com/flights/voskhod1.htm
Image Sources
1.	http://www.wiedenhoff.nu/space/8Capt.htm
2.	http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/51-l/51-l-crew.gif
3.	http://www.el-mundo.es/magazine/m80/textos/yuri.html
4.	http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/space_level2/travel.html
5.	http://www.vibrationdata.com/space/Apollo13.htm
6.	http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_11_30th.html
7.	http://www.skyrocket.de/space/doc_sdat/voskhod-3kv.htm
8.	http://www.index.hu/tech/urkutatas/or0616/

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Unmanned

Sources & Further Study

1.	"Mariner 10" - Encyclopedia Astronautica - Feb 2004 http://www.astronautix.com/craft/marner10.htm
2.	"Deep Space 1 - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_1
3.	"Deep Space 1" - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory http://nmp.jpl.nasa.gov/ds1/
4.	"Magellan probe - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellan_probe
5.	"TPS: Exploring Mars: The Mars Exploration Rovers" - The Planetary Society - Feb 2004 http://planetary.org/mars/mer.html
6.	"Mars Pathfinder Project Information" - NASA National Space Science Data Center - Feb 2004 http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/mesur.html
7.	"Mars Pathfinder - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder
8.	"SPACE QUOTES" - NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Feb 2004 http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/quotes.html
9.	"FIRST AMONG EQUALS : THE ORIGINS OF THE SELECTION PROCESS" - NASA Headquarters - Feb 2004 http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4215/ch1-2.html
10.	"Sputnik is Launched: 1957" - North Park University - Feb 2004 http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/Technology/Sputnik.html
11.	"BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| First dog in space died within hours" - BBC News - Feb 2004 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci/tech/2367681.stm
12.	"Sputnik 2 - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_2
13.	"SSE: Missions: By Target: Jupiter: Past: Voyager 1" - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Feb 2004 http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Jupiter&MCode=Voyager_1
14.	"Voyager 1 - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_1
15.	"Voyager 2 - Wikipedia" - Wikipedia - Feb 2004 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_2
16.	"SSE: Missions: By Target: Jupiter: Past: Voyager 2" - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Feb 2004 http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Jupiter&MCode=Voyager_2
17.	"Voyager" - Solarviews.com - Feb 2004 http://www.solarviews.com/eng/voyager.htm
Image Sources
1.	http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-spacecraft.html
2.	http://www.yenra.com/space-exploration/
3.	http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/history/80s/Magellan_1989.htm
4.	http://planetary.org/mars/mer.html
5.	http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/mesur.html
6.	http://www.space-odyssey.de/voyager.htm

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Dangers

Sources & Further Study
1.	"Radiation Damage Discussion" - LeioMyoSarcoma - Jan 2004 http://www.leiomyosarcoma.org.uk/raddiscuss.htm
2.	"What is space radiation?" - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Jan 2004 http://srag-nt.jsc.nasa.gov/AboutSRAG/What/What.htm
3.	"Space Radiation Storm" - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Jan 2004 http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast14jul_2m.htm
4.	"Understanding Space Radiaiton" - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Jan 2004 http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/news/factsheets/radiation.pdf
5.	"Spatial Disorientation" - Federal Aviation Administration - Jan 2004 http://infomedia.mmac.faa.gov/spatialdprint.html
6.	"THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 20, Ch. 282, Motion Sickness" - MERCK - Jan 2004 http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section20/chapter282/282a.jsp
7.	"Effects of Long-Duration Space Travel" - Greenewald Jr., John - Jan 2004 http://www.blackvault.com/news2/effects_of_long_duration_space.html
8.	"Postgraduate Medicine: Motion sickness" - The McGraw-Hill Companies - Jan 2004 http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/10_01_99/gahlinger.htm
9.	"Medicine" - Connors, Mary - Jan 2004 http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/SpaceSettlement/Contest/Results/96/winner/cuatro.html
10.	"Space travel is healthy!" - University of Wisconsin, Board of Regents - Jan 2004 http://whyfiles.org/124space_station/5.html
11.	"Cutting The Clatter In Space" - Space Daily - Jan 2004 http://www.spacedaily.com/news/iss-99o.html
12.	"Review Article: Hearing loss in space" - Buckey, Jay - Jan 2004 http://www.asma.org/Publication/abstract/v72n12/v72n12p1121.html
13.	"The Danger of Space Junk" - Olson, Steve - Jan 2004 http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/98jul/junk.htm
14.	"Space Debris Update" - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research - Jan 2004 http://www.windows.ucar.edu/headline_universe/space_debris_update.backup_MetaRefresh
15.	"The big blast-off" - The Daily Telegraph - Jan 2004 http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/01/27/1075088017658.html?from=top5
Image Sources
1.	http://srag-nt.jsc.nasa.gov/AboutSRAG/What/What.htm
2.	http://press2.nci.nih.gov/sciencebehind/cancer/cancer48.htm
3.	http://neurolab.jsc.nasa.gov/pixs/fig2.jpg
4.	http://science.howstuffworks.com/weightlessness2.htm
5.	http://www.mydr.com.au/default.asp?article=3913
6.	http://www.space-computer.com/mt/logfile/images/DSC03443.JPG
7.	http://www.windows.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/tour_def/headline_universe/images/orbital_debris_big_jpg_image.html
8.	http://www.newsfromspace.com/missions/sts102/sts102news.htm

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Spacecraft

Sources & Further Study
1.	"NASA - Spacecraft Classification" - Northwestern University - Jan 2004 http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/thermal/1-why-control-heat.html
2.	"Mars Express: The Mission - Temperature Control Systems" - National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Jan 2004 http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/express/mission/sc_temperature.html
3.	"What happens to heat once it is released into space?" - Northwestern University - Jan 2004 http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/thermal/3-what-happens-to-heat-once-its-released.html
Image Sources
1.	http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/images/eclss-air/cycle.gif
2.	http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/combustion/sfs/sfs_research_projs.htm

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