No specific treatment or vaccine exists for Ebola haemorrhagic fever.

Severe cases require intensive supportive care, as patients are frequently dehydrated and in need of intravenous fluids. Suspected cases should be isolated from other patients and strict barrier nursing techniques practiced.

All hospital personnel should be briefed on the nature of the disease and its routes of transmission. Particular emphasis should be placed on ensuring that high-risk procedures such as the placing of intravenous lines and the handling of blood, secretions, catheters and suction devices are carried out under barrier nursing conditions. Hospital staff should have individual gowns, gloves and masks. Gloves and masks must not be reused unless disinfected. Patients who die from the disease should be promptly buried or cremated.

As the primary mode of person-to-person transmission is contact with contaminated blood, secretions or body fluids, any person who has had close physical contact with patients should be kept under strict surveillance, i.e. body temperature checks twice a day, with immediate hospitalization and strict isolation recommended in case of temperatures above 38.3°C (101°F). Casual contacts should be placed on alert and asked to report any fever. Surveillance of suspected cases should continue for three weeks after the date of their last contact. Hospital personnel who come into close contact with patients or contaminated materials without barrier nursing attire must be considered exposed and put under close supervised surveillance.